Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/sárwas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From earlier *sárHwas, from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂-wós, from *solh₂- (“whole”).

Adjective

*sárwas

all
entire, whole

Synonyms

*wíćwas

Derived terms

Proto-Iranian: *hárwa-wícwah
- Khotanese: [script needed] (harbiśśa)
- Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀. 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬞𐬀‎ (ha^uruua. vīspa)
  - → Middle Persian: (/harwisp/, “all, every; everyone”)
    Manichaean: 𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛‎ (hrwysp)
    
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (KRAwsp), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwsp'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwst')
    
    Psalter Pahlavi: 𐮉𐮅𐮀𐮅𐮍𐮎𐮈‎ (KRAwspy)
    - Classical Persian: هروسف‎ (harwisf) (only in Zoroastrian texts)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sárwas
- Sanskrit: सर्व (sárva)
  - Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯 (savva)
    - Awadhi: सब (sab)
  - Dardic:
    - Grangali: [script needed] (ṣōka)
    - Kalami: [script needed] (sō), [script needed] (sūo)
    - Khowar: [script needed] (saf)
    - Shumashti: [script needed] (šauke)
    - Torwali: [script needed] (sōw)
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Sinhalese: සව (sawa), හව (hawa)
  - Kholosi: sāf
  - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯 (savva)
    - Assamese: সব (xobo)
    - Bengali: সব (sob)
    - Bihari:
      - Bhojpuri: सभ (sabh)
      - Maithili: सब (sab), सभ (sabh)
    - Oriya: ସବୋ (sôbo)
  - Pali: sabba
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯 (savva)
    - Garhwali: सब (sab)
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: सब (sab)
      Urdu: سب‎ (sab)
    - Kumaoni: सब (sab)
    - Nepali: सब (sab)
    - Old Gujarati: सव (sava)
      - Gujarati: સહુ (sahu), સૌ (sau), સવ (sav)
    - Punjabi: ਸਭ (sabh)
    - Romani: savoro, saro
    - Sindhi: सभु (sabhu)
Proto-Iranian: *hárwah
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀‎ (ha^uruua, “whole, each”)
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Ossetian: ӕли (æli)
- Southeastern Iranian:
  - Pashto: هر‎ (har)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: هەر‎ (har)
    
    Northern Kurdish: her (har)
    
    Southern Kurdish: هەر‎ (har)
    
    Laki: هەر‎ (har)
  - Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    - Caspian
      - Gilaki: هر‎ (har), ار‎ (ar)
      - Mazanderani: هر‎ (har)
    - Parthian: (/harw/)
      Inscriptional Parthian: 𐭊𐭓𐭀‎ (KRA)
      
      Manichaean: 𐫍𐫡𐫇‎ (hrw)
    - Zaza-Gurani:
      - Gurani: هەر‎ (har)
      - Zazaki: her (har)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: 𐏃𐎽𐎺 (h-ru-v /haruva/)
    - Middle Persian: (/harw/)
      Manichaean: 𐫍𐫡𐫇‎ (hrw)
      
      Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭪𐭥𐭠‎ (KRA)
      
      Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (KRA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hl)
      
      Psalter Pahlavi: 𐮉𐮅𐮀‎ (KRA)
      
      Pazend: 𐬵𐬀𐬭‎ (har)
      - Persian: هر‎ (har, “each”)
        → Azerbaijani: hər / هر‎
        → Bashkir: һәр (här)
        → Hindustani:
        Hindi: हर (har)
        Urdu: ہر‎ (har)
        → Kazakh: әр (är)
        → Kyrgyz: ар (ar)
        → Ottoman Turkish: هر‎ (her)
        Turkish: her
        → Southern Altai: ар (ar)
        → Tatar: här
        → Turkmen: her
        → Uzbek: har
Proto-Nuristani: *súwwa
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: sṹdi
    
    Kativiri: súv
  - Prasuni: sučók
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: sëvā́k
  - Tregami: sastok
  - Waigali: söv

References

Martínez García, Javier; de Vaan, Michiel (2014) Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1)‎, Brill, →ISBN
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “sárva”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

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