< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/(h)rabā́š

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Uncertain; from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)rabʰā́ćš ~ *(s)rabʰaćás, from *(s)rabʰ- +‎ *-ā́ćš (animal and plant suffix), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)rā́ps ~ *(s)rabʰ-és (“turnip, rape”), perhaps borrowed from a substrate language. Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *srebʰ- (“to slurp”).[1]

Noun

*(h)rabā́š ~ *(h)rabacáh m [2]

  1. rhubarb
  2. fennel
  • *(h)rábnah (< *(s)rábʰnas)
    • Yagnobi: рена (réna), ренна (rénna, “rhubarb”)

Descendants
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Yagnobi: роба (rōbá), роwа (rōwá, “fennell”)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: رواش‎ (rawā́š, “rhubarb”)
    • Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
      • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (rov, “rhubarb”)
      • Sanglechi: [script needed] (rūv, “rhubarb”)
    • Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *rǣ́w (“rhubarb”)
      • Munji-Yidgha: *rī́w
        • Munji: [script needed] (rīf)
        • Yidgha: [script needed] (rīv)
      • Shughni-Yazghulami: *rǣ́w
        • Shughni: rīv
        • Yazghulami: [script needed] (rev, “type of edible thick stemmed plant”)
        • ⇒ Shughni-Yazghulami: *rǣ́wičak (+ *-ič + *-ak)
          • Shughni-Roshani: *rǣ́wcak, *rǣ́wjak
            • Shughni:
              Khufi: revcak (“plant resembling Ferula kokanica, but with a rosette of leaves and no fruits”)
              Khughni: rǟvjak, revcak (“inedible mountain grass”)
          • Yazghulami: ravǰag (“rhubarb”)
          • → Uzbek: ravoch
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: رواش‎ (rawāš, “rhubarb”)
    • Kurdish: ribêz, rêvas, rêwaz (“rhubarb”)
      Central Kurdish: رێواس‎ (rêwas)
      Northern Kurdish: rêwas, rêvaz
    • Zazaki: rıbês (“rhubarb”)
    • → Khowar: [script needed] (riwiṣ̌)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: *rabaθaʰ
      • Middle Persian:
        Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (lypʾs /rēbās, rēbāh/)
        • Classical Persian: ریباس‎ (ribâs)
        • ⇒ Middle Persian: *rēwand
          • Classical Persian: ریوند‎ (rāwand, revand, riwand)
          • → Ancient Greek: ῥῆον (rhêon) [50-70 CE, Dioscorides], ῥᾶ (rhâ, “rhubarb”) [129-210 CE, Galenus] (< earlier *rewon)[4]
          • → Classical Syriac: ܪܐܘܢܕ‎ (rʾwnd), ܪܝܘܢܕ‎ (rywnd), ܪܘܢܕ‎ (rwnd), ܪܐܘܢ‎ (rʾwn), ܪܝܘܢ‎ (rywn, “rhubarb”)
      • → Ancient Greek: λάπαθον (lápathon), λάπαθος (lápathos, “monk's rhubarb, Rumex acetosa”) [550-460 BCE, Epicharmos; 371-287 BCE, Theophrastus]
      • ⇒ Old Persian: *rabaθakaʰ (+ -𐎣 (-k /-akaʰ/))
        • Middle Persian: *rebahag
          • Persian: ریواج‎ (rivâg), ریباج‎ (ribâg)

References
  1. Morgenstierne, Georg (1937), “Chapter 22: A Vedic word in some modern Hindu Kush languages?”, in Irano-Dardica (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 5), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
  2. Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Yidgha-Munji, Sanglechi-Ishkashmi and Wakhi) (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co., page 244
  3. Morgenstierne, Georg (1974), “rōv”, in Etymological Vocabulary of the Shughni Group (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 6), Wiesbaden: Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
  4. Laufer, Berthold (1919) Sino-Iranica: Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products (Fieldiana, Anthropology; 15), volume 3, Chicago: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, page 548
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