Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HástH

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HástʰH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁.

Noun

*HástH n

bone

Derived terms

*HástHakah (“bone; fruit stone”)
- Proto-Scythian:
  - Ossetian: стӕг (stæg)
  - Khotanese: [script needed] (astaa)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Khwarezmian: استیک‎ (ʾstyk /*astək/), استک‎ (ʾstk /*astək/)
  - Sogdian: (/əstak/)
    Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾstk)
    
    Manichaean: 𐫀𐫘𐫤𐫐‎ (ʾstk)
    
    Syriac: ܐܣܬܟ‎ (ʾstk)
  - Yagnobi: стаг (stag)
- Central Kurdish: ئێسک‎ (êsk /ēsk/), ئێستک‎ (êstik /ēstik/)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Parthian: (/astag/)
    Manichaean: 𐫀𐫘𐫤𐫃‎ (ʾstg)
  - Zazaki: heste (/hasta/, “bone”), estı (/aste/), este (/asta/), iste (/ista/), oste (/osta/)
- Middle Persian: (/astag/, “bone; fruit stone”)
  Manichaean: 𐫀𐫘𐫤𐫃‎ (ʾstg)
  
  Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾstk'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (OLKTA)
  
  Pazend: 𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀‎ (asta)
  - Classical Persian: استه‎ (asta, “bone; fruit stone”), هسته‎ (hasta, “fruit stone”)
    Dari: هسته‎ (hasta)
    
    Iranian Persian: هسته‎ (haste)
    
    Tajik: ҳаста (hasta)
*HástHīkah (“bone; fruit stone”)
- Northern Kurdish: hestî (/hastī/), estî (“astī”)
- Zazaki: astık (/āstek/, “bone”)
*HástHáhuānām (“bone; (Lit) existence power of bones”)
- Wakhi: (/ustuxōn/) (Perhaps influenced by Classic Persian)
  Arabic: اؤستؤخون‎
  
  Cyrillic: устухон (ustuxon)
- Ormuri: ستوغان‎ (stoγān)
- Baluchi: استہان‎ (ustuhān)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: ئێسکان‎ (êskan /ēskān/), ئێسقان‎ (êsqan /ēsqān/)
  
  Northern Kurdish: hestû (/hastū/)
  
  Southern Kurdish: سِخان‎ (sixan /sixān/), سِقان‎ (siqan /siqān/)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Old Mazanderani: هستکا‎ (hestakā)
    - Mazanderani: هسکا‎ (hassekā)
  - Gurani: سوخان‎ (suxan /suxān/)
- Middle Persian: (/astaxwān ~ astuxān/, “bone”)
  Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾsthwʾn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾsthʾn')
  - Classical Persian: استخوان‎ (ustuxwān), استخان‎ (ostoxân)
    Dari: استخوان‎ (ustuxān), استغان‎ (ustuγān)
    
    Iranian Persian: استخوان‎ (ostoxān)
    
    Tajik: устухон (ustuxon)
  - Lurish:
    Northern Luri: سخۏ‎ (sexö)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌‎ (asti)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: هډ‎ (haḍ, “bone, fruit stone”) (Perhaps)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Gilaki: خش‎ (xaš) (*asta > *ašt(a) > *haš )
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: *𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡 (*a-s-t-i /*asti/)
  - Middle Persian: (/ast/)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾst')
    
    Manichaean: 𐫀𐫘𐫤‎ (ʾst)
    
    Pazend: 𐬀𐬯𐬙‎ (ast)
    - Classical Persian: است‎ (ast)
      Dari: است‎ (ast)
      
      Iranian Persian: است‎ (ast)
      
      Tajik: аст (ast)
    - Lurish:
      Bakhtiari: خٱس‎ (xas)
      
      Southern Luri: هٱس‎ (has)

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