< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Háyxam

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Thematicized from earlier *Háyxš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óyg-s ~ *h₁ig-s-és, from *h₁eyg- (“ice, frost”) +‎ *-s.

Noun

*Háyxam n[1][2][3]

  1. ice, frost

Inflection
neuter a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *Háyxam *Háyxay *HáyxaH
vocative *Háyxam *Háyxay *HáyxaH
accusative *Háyxam *Háyxay *HáyxaH
instrumental *Háyxā *HáyxaybyaH *Háyxāyš
ablative *Háyxāt *HáyxaybyaH *Háyxaybyah
dative *Háyxāy *HáyxaybyaH *Háyxaybyah
genitive *Háyxahya *Háyxayāh *Háyxānam
locative *Háyxay *Háyxayaw *Háyxayšu

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬉𐬑𐬆𐬨‎ n (aēxəm, “frost, ice”)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Old Ossetic: *ex (“ice, hail”)[4]
      • Ossetian:
        Digor: ех (ex)
        Iron: их (ix)
    • Sogdian: (/yaxn/)
      Sogdian: [script needed] (yyδγn /(y)ēδxān/, “icebox, glaicier”)
      Syriac: ܝܟܢܘ‎ (yxnw /yaxn/, “ice”)
      Sogdian: [script needed] (ynγynʾk /yanxēnē/, “icy”)
      Manichaean: 𐫏𐫑𐫗𐫏𐫏‎ (yxnyy /yaxnē/, “left over food”)
      • → Pashto: يخني‎ (yaxní, “cold; frost; pottage, soupe”)
      • → Persian: یخنی‎ (yaxni, “a kind of food; cold cooked meat;”)
        • → Arabic: يخني‎ (yaḵni, “stew”)
    • Yagnobi:
      Cyrillic: ӣх (īx), ех (ex)
      Latin: īx, ēx
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: اسۍ‎ (asáy, “hoar-frost; fog; mist”)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *ī́xu
      • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *ī́x́
        • Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *ī́š
          • Shughni:
            Khughni, Roshani: īš
          • Sarikoli: īš
        • Munji-Yidgha:
          • Yidgha: یاخ‎ (yāx, “cold”)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: یخ‎ (yax, “cold; ice”), لخ‎ (lux, “icy”) (possibly)
    • Caspian:
      • Gilaki: یخ‎ (yəx, “ice”)
      • Mazanderani: یخ‎ (yax, “ice”)
    • Old Median:
      • Old Azari: یخدان‎ (box, icebox)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: (/ēx/):
      Pazend: 𐬫𐬀𐬑‎ (yax, “ice”)
      • Persian: یخ‎ (yax, “ice”)

References
  1. Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*aixa-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 140-143
  2. Edelman, D. I. (1980), “History of the consonant systems of the North-Pamir Languages”, in Indo-Iranian Journal, volume 22, issue 4, Brill, →JSTOR, page 294
  3. Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 96
  4. Kim, Ronald I. (2007), “Two problems of Ossetic nominal morphology”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies and Historical Linguistics‎, volume 112, →DOI, →ISSN, page 1
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.