< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cárguš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárguš (“predatory animal”).

Noun

*cárguš m[1]

  1. lion

Descendants
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Khotanese: 𑀲𑀭𑁅 (sarau)
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Khwarezmian: [Term?] (/sarɣ/)
        Arabic script: سرغ‎
        Chorasmian script: 𐾿𐿂𐾳‎ (srɣ)
      • Sogdian: (/šar(u)ɣ/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫢𐫡𐫇𐫄‎ (šrwɣ)
        Old Sogdian script: 𐼙𐼘𐼄𐼇‎ (šrɣw)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: شېر‎ (šēr) [2](Perhaps via Dari dialect)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: شیر‎ (šēr)
    • Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: شێر‎ (šēr)
      Northern Kurdish: şêr (šēr)
      Southern Kurdish: شێر‎ (šēr)
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
      • Caspian:
        • Gilaki: شیر‎ (šīr)
        • Old Mazanderani: شیر‎ (šēr)
          • Mazanderani: شیر‎ (šīr)
      • Old Median:
        • Kermanic:
          • Kermani, Zoroastrian Dari: شیر‎ (šīr)
        • Old Azari: شیر‎ (šēr~šīr)
          • → Azerbaijani: (/šīr/)
            Arabic script: شیر‎
            Latin script: şir
      • Parthian:
        Manichaean script: 𐫢𐫃𐫡‎ (šgr /šaɣr/)
      • Zaza-Gorani:
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: *šarguš
      • Early Middle Persian: (/šaɣr/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫢𐫃𐫡‎ (šgr)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (šgr)
        • Late Middle Persian:
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (šyr /šēr/)
          • Classical Persian: شیر‎ (šêr)
            • Dari: شیر‎ (šêr)
            • Iranian Persian: شیر‎ (šîr)
            • Tajik: шер (šer)
            • → Hindustani:
            • → Turkic: /šēr ~ šīr/
              • → Ottoman Turkish: شیر‎ (şîr)
              • → Turkmen: şir (šīr)
              • → Uzbek: sher (šēr) (via Tajiki dialect)
          • →? Old Chinese: 師 (OC *sri, “lion”)

References
  1. Witzel, Michael (2003) Linguistic Evidence for Cultural Exchange in Prehistoric Western Central Asia (Sino-Platonic Papers; 129)‎, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, page 14
  2. , QAMOSONA online dictionary; Pashto-English "Large Dictionary".
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