< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/caHyā́kaH

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *caHyáH +‎ *-kaH.

Noun

*caHyā́kaH f[1][2][3][4][5][6]

  1. shade, shadow
  2. shelter, protection

Inflection
aH-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *caHyā́kaH *caHyā́kay *caHyā́kāh
vocative *caHyā́kay *caHyā́kay *caHyā́kāh
accusative *caHyā́kām *caHyā́kay *caHyā́kāh
instrumental *caHyā́kayaH *caHyā́kaHbyā *caHyā́kaHbiš
ablative *caHyā́kayaHh *caHyā́kaHbyā *caHyā́kaHbyah
dative *caHyā́kayaHy *caHyā́kaHbyā *caHyā́kaHbyah
genitive *caHyā́kayaHh *caHyā́kāyāh *caHyā́kaHnām
locative *caHyā́kayaH *caHyā́kāyaw *caHyā́kaHsu

Descendants
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Khwarezmian: 𐾿𐾺𐾰𐾻‎ (syʾk)
      • Proto-Sogdic: *syā́kā[5]
        • Sogdian: (/səyā́k/)
          Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫏𐫀𐫐‎ (syʾk)
          Old Sogdian script: 𐼑𐼊𐼀𐼀𐼋‎ (syʾʾk), 𐼑𐼊𐼀𐼀𐼋𐼆‎ (syʾʾkh)
          Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (syʾq)
        • Yagnobi: сиёка (sⁱyṓka)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Ormuri:
      Kaniguram: [script needed] (syā́kā)
      Logar: [script needed] (syåkā)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *syǣ́ḱǣ
      • Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
        • Munji: [script needed] (sǟgo), [script needed] (sǟga)
        • Yidgha: [script needed] (säγo), [script needed] (saγo)
      • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *sᵊyǣ́ḱ
        • Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *sᵊyœ̄́ǰ (“shadow; temple”)
          • Shughni: (“temple”)
            Bartangi: sⁱyōǰ
            Khughni: syēǰ
        • Yazghulami: [script needed] (sayēg)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: ساہگ‎ (sāhig)
    • Kurdish:
      • Central Kurdish: سێبەر‎ (sêber), سایه‎ (sayh), سا‎ (sa)
      • Northern Kurdish: sî, sê, sih, sêber, sîber
      • Southern Kurdish: سایه‌‎ (saye)
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *sāyā́kā
      • Caspian:
        • Mazanderani: ساینه‎ (sâyne), ساها‎ (sāhā)
        • Gilaki: ساىه‎ (sāya)
      • Old Median: *sāyā́kā
        • Kermanic:
          Mahallati: sōya
          Qohrudi: sūya
        • Proto-Tatic:
          • Old Tati:
            • Harzani: سو (söv)
            • Karingani: سوالین (suvālīn)
          • Talysh:
            Masali: [script needed] (sɔ)
      • Parthian:
        Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫏𐫀𐫃‎ (syʾg /sayāg/)
      • Zazaki: sîye
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: *θāyakā
      • Middle Persian: (/sāyag/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫀𐫏𐫃‎ (sʾyg)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (sʾdk')
        • Classical Persian: سایه‎ (sāya)
          • Dari: سایه‎ (sâya)
          • Iranian Persian: سایه‎ (sâye)
          • Tajik: соя (soya)
          • → Pashto: سايه‎ (sāyá)
          • → Sanglechi: سایه (sā̊yɛ)
          • → Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *sœ̄yœ̄́ (“shadow; temple”)
            • Sarikoli: suyo
            • Shughni: sōyā
              • → Wakhi: soyá (“temple”)[7]

References
  1. Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 195: “sāyākā-”
  2. de Vaan, Michiel (2003), Beekes, R.S.P.; Lubotsky, A.; Weitenberg, J.J.S., editors, The Avestan Vowels (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 12), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 118: “OIr. *sāyā(ka) ‘shade’”
  3. Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 106: “*aʦā̆i̯ā-kā-”
  4. Kim, Ronald (2003), “On the historical phonology of Ossetic: the origin of the oblique case suffix”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society‎, volume 123, issue 1, →DOI, page 53: “*sāyākā- ← PIr. *sāyā”
  5. Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎ (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, page 19
  6. Efimov, Valentin Aleksandrovič (2011) The Ormuri Language in Past and Present (FLI Language and Culture Series)‎, volume 6, Islamabad: Forum for Language Initiatives, page 299: “< Ir. *sāyā́ fem. + (> *sā́yāka with metathesis of *y)”
  7. Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999), “soyá”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN
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