Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/pánča

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

**Proto-Iranian cardinal numbers**
< 4	5	6 >
Cardinal : *pánča

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pánča, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.

Numeral

*pánča

five

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬧𐬗𐬀‎ (paṇca)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *pánǰa (see there for further descendants)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: πανζο (panzo)
  - Khwarezmian: پنڅ‎ (pnc /*panc/)
  - Proto-Sogdic:
    - Sogdian: (/panč(u)/)
      Sogdian: [script needed] (pnc), [script needed] (pncw)
      
      Manichaean: 𐫛𐫗𐫝‎ (pnc), 𐫛𐫗𐫝𐫇‎ (pncw)
      
      Syriac: ܦܢܨ‎ (pnc), ܦܢܨܘ‎ (pncw)
    - Yagnobi: панч (panč)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ormuri-Parachi:
  - Ormuri: پېنڅ‎ (pēnc)
  - Parachi: پونچ (pōnč)
- Pashto: پنځه‎ (pinźë́)
- Shughni: пӣнӡ (pīnʒ)
- Yidgha: پانش‎ (pānš)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: پنچ‎ (panč)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: پێنج‎ (pênc /pēnǰ/)
  
  Northern Kurdish: pênc (/pēnǰ/)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: پٚنج‎ (pənǰ), پنج‎ (panj)
    - Mazanderani: پنج‎ (penǰ)
  - Old Median:
    - Talysh: (/panǰ/)
      Arabic: پنج‎
      
      Latin: pənc
  - Parthian: (/panǰ/)
    Manichaean: 𐫛𐫗𐫝‎ (pnc), 𐫛𐫗𐫋‎ (pnj)
    - → Middle Persian: (/panǰ/)
      Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pnc), [Book Pahlavi needed] (HWMŠYA)
      
      Manichaean: 𐫛𐫗𐫝‎ (pnc), 𐫛𐫗𐫋‎ (pnj)
      - Classical Persian: پنج‎ (panj)
        Persian: پنج‎ (panj)
        
        Tajik: панҷ (panj)
  - Zaza-Gorani:
    - Gurani: په‌نج‎ (penc /panǰ/)
      - Kurdish:
        → Central Kurdish: په‌نج‎ (penc /panǰ/)
        
        → Laki: په‌نج‎ (penc /panǰ/)
        
        → Southern Kurdish: په‌نج‎ (penc /panǰ/)
    - Zazaki: panc (/pānǰ/), ponc (/ponǰ/), panj (/pānž/)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: *𐎱𐎨 (*p-c /*paⁿča/)
  - Middle Persian: (/panč(early), panz(late)/)
    Manichaean: 𐫛𐫗𐫝‎ (pnc), 𐫛𐫗𐫉‎ (pnz)
    
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pnc), [Book Pahlavi needed] (HWMŠYA)
    - Classical Persian: پنچ‎ (panč)

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