Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/xšáfš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

PIE word
*kʷséps

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáps.

Noun

*xšáfš f

night

Derived terms

*xšápīkah (“of night; night shirt”)
- Kurdish:
  Southern Kurdish: شەۊ‎ (şeẅ, “shirt”)
- Middle Persian: (“undershirt”)
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (špyk' /šabīg/)
  - Classical Persian: شبی‎ (šabī, “nightshirt”)
  - Kurdish:
    → Northern Kurdish: şepik (šapīk)
  - → Old Armenian: շապիկ (šapik, “shirt”)
    - Armenian: շապիկ (šapik, “shirt”)
      - Kurdish:
        → Northern Kurdish: şapik (šāpīk)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬑𐬴𐬀𐬞‎ (xṣ̌ap)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *xšápā
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (ṣṣavā)
    - Wakhi: šāp
  - ⇒ Proto-Scythian: *āxšápā (+ *ā-)
    - Proto-Ossetic: *axsáva
      - Old Ossetic: *æxsævæ
        Ossetian: (“tonight”)
        Digor: ӕхсӕв (æxsæv)
        
        Iron: ӕхсӕвӕ (æxsævæ)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: χαβ (xab /xav/)
  - Khwarezmian: 𐾰𐾹𐾺𐾲‎ (ʾxyβ), 𐾹𐾲‎ (xβ)
  - Proto-Sogdic: *xšápā
    - Sogdian: (/ᵊxšəpá/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫛𐫀‎ (ʾxšpʾ), 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫛𐫀𐫍‎ (ʾxšpʾh), 𐫟𐫢𐫛𐫀‎ (xšpʾ)
      
      Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼲𐽁𐼾𐼳‎ (ʾɣšph)
      
      Old Sogdian script: 𐼀𐼄𐼙𐼔𐼆‎ (ʾɣšph)
      
      Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (xšpʾ)
    - Yagnobi: хишап (xⁱšáp)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ormuri:
  Kaniguram: [script needed] (x̌o)
  
  Logar: [script needed] (šyo), [script needed] (šyu)
- Proto-Pathan: *špa
  - Pashto: شپه‎ (špa)
  - Waneci: شپه‎ (špa)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *xšǣ́bǣ
  - Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
    - Munji: خشوه (xšava)
    - Yidgha: خشوو‎ (xᵊšovo, xᵊšōvo)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *ṣ̌ǣ́b
    - Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *x̌œ̄́b
      - Sarikoli: x̌ob
      - Shughni: x̌āb
    - Yazghulami: šāb
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: شپ‎ (šap)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: شه‌و‎ (šaw)
  
  Northern Kurdish: şev (šav)
  
  Southern Kurdish: شه‌و‎ (šaw)
  
  Laki: شو‎ (šiw)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *xšápā
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: شب‎ (šəb)
    - Old Mazanderani: شو‎ (šaw ~ šu)
      - Mazanderani: شو‎ (šo)
  - Komisenian:
    - Sangisari: شو (šow)
  - Old Median: *xšápā
    - Middle Median: *šáb
      - Kermanic:
        Aneme Wake, Abui, Mahallati, Iguta, Qalhari, Qohrudi: sōw
        
        West Coast Bajau, Fataleka, Hanjani: sou
        
        Kashani, Kugbo: šev
        
        Kashani: šau
        
        Jowulu, Komjani, Turaka, Yabarana: sāv
        
        Meymehi: sō
      - Proto-Tatic:
        Old Azari: شو‎ (šaw)
        Harzani: شو (šav)
        
        Karingani: شو (šav)
        
        Talysh: (/šav/)
        Arabic script: شو‎
        
        Latin script: şəv
        
        Cyrillic script: шəв
  - Parthian: (/šab/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫢𐫁‎ (šb)
  - Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
    - Gurani: شه‌وه‌‎ (šawa)
    - Zazaki: şewe (šawa)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Bashkardi:
  Bandari: [script needed] (šü)
- Kumzari: [script needed] (šō)
- Lari: [script needed] (šow/šaw)
- Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐎱 (x-š-p /xšapa/)
  - Middle Persian: (/šab/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫢𐫁‎ (šb)
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (LYLYA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (šp)
    Psalter Pahlavi script: [Psalter Pahlavi needed] (LYLYA)
    Pazend script: 𐬱𐬀𐬬‎ (šav)
    - Classical Persian: شب‎ (šab)
      Dari: شب‎ (šab)
      Iranian Persian: شب‎ (šab)
      Tajik: шаб (šab)
      Tat: [script needed] (šøÿ)
    - Lurish:
      Northern Luri: شۉ‎ (šow)
      - Silakhori: شۋ‎ (šü)
      Bakhtiari: شۉ‎ (šaw)
      Southern Luri: شۉ‎ (šow)

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