Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kapa

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kapa/

Noun

*kapa

source of freshwater

Descendants

Old Japanese: 河 (kapa, “river”)
- Japanese: 川 (かわ, kawa)
Ryukyuan: *kawa (“spring, well”)
- Northern Ryukyuan:
  - Kikai: 川 (はー, hā)
  - Kunigami: 川 (はー, hā)
  - Northern Amami-Oshima: 川 (こ゚ー, xō)
  - Okinawan: 川 (かー, kā)
  - Oki-No-Erabu: 川 (ほー, hō)
  - Toku-No-Shima: 川 (こ゚ー, xō)
  - Yoron: 川 (ほー, hō)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
  - Miyako: 川 (かー, kā)
  - Yaeyama: 川 (かー, kā)
  - Yonaguni: 川 (かー, kā)

Noun

*kapa

bark, hide, skin
leather
the side of something, the surface or covering of something

Descendants

Old Japanese: 皮, 革 (kapa, “hide, leather; bark”); 側 (kapa, “side”)
- Japanese: 皮, 革 (kawa, “hide, leather; bark”); 側 (kawa, “side”)
Ryukyuan: *kawa
- Northern Ryukyuan:
  - Kikai: 皮, 革 (はー, hā)
  - Kunigami: 皮, 革 (はー, hā)
  - Northern Amami-Oshima: 皮, 革 (か゚ー, xā)
  - Okinawan: 皮, 革 (かー, kā)
  - Oki-No-Erabu: 皮, 革 (ほー, hō)
  - Toku-No-Shima: 皮, 革 (こ゚ー, xō)
  - Yoron: 皮, 革 (ほー, hō)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
  - Miyako: 皮, 革 (かー, kā)
  - Yaeyama: 皮, 革 (かー, kā)
  - Yonaguni: 皮, 革 (かー, kā)

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