Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/sakay

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

*sakay: rice wine, rice vodka, sake.

Etymology

Most likely derived from combining form *saka- +‎ *y (emphatic nominal particle). The descendants would merge this vowel pair to /-e/ (Old Japanese e₂). Compare the development of *kamuy (“god”).

Noun

*sakay[1][2]

rice wine, rice vodka, sake

Descendants

Old Japanese: 酒 (sake₂, saka (< *saka-))
- Japanese: 酒 (sake, saka)
  - → Ainu: サケ (sake)
  - → Arabic: سَاكِي‎ m (sākī)
  - → Armenian: սակե (sake)
  - → Belarusian: сакэ́ n (saké)
  - → Bengali: সাকে (sake)
  - → Bulgarian: саке n (sake)
  - → Danish: sake c
  - → Dutch: sake m
  - → English: saké, sake, saki
  - → Esperanto: sakeo
  - → Finnish: sake
  - → French: saké m
    - → Romanian: sake n
    - → Turkish: sake
  - → Georgian: საკე (saḳe)
  - → German: Sake m
  - → Greek: σάκε n (sáke)
  - → Hebrew: סָאקֶה‎ (sake)
  - → Hungarian: szaké
  - → Icelandic: sake n
  - → Ido: sakeo
  - → Indonesian: sake
  - → Italian: sakè m
  - → Javanese: sake
  - → Northern Kurdish: sake f
  - → Lithuanian: sakė
  - → Macedonian: са́ке n (sáke)
  - → Malay: sake
  - → Norwegian: sake m
  - → Persian: ساکی‎ (sâki)
  - → Polish: sake n
  - → Portuguese: saqué m, saquê
  - → Russian: сакэ́ n (sakɛ́), саке́ n (saké)
  - → Spanish: sake
  - → Swedish: sake
  - → Tagalog: sake
  - → Thai: สาเก (sǎa-gee)
  - → Ukrainian: саке́ n (saké)
  - → Vietnamese: sake
Proto-Ryukyuan: *sake
- Northern Ryukyuan: 사긔 (sakɨi) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)[3]
  - Kikai: 酒 (sē)
  - Kunigami: 酒 (sakī)
  - Northern Amami-Oshima: 酒 (sehe)[1]
  - Okinawan: 酒 (saki)[1]
  - Oki-No-Erabu: 酒 (sagi)
  - Southern Amami-Oshima: 酒 (sïhëe)
  - Toku-No-Shima: 酒 (shakɨɨ)[1]
  - Yoron: 酒 (sai)[1]
- Southern Ryukyuan: *sake (Robbeets, 2021)[1]
  - Miyako: 酒 (saki)[1]
  - Yaeyama: 酒 (saki)[1]
  - Yonaguni: 酒 (sagi)[1]

References

Martine Robbeets (2021) Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages‎ - see 25Eurasia3anglesynthesisSI5eJaponic.xlsx
Martin, Samuel E. (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 517
Chihkai Lin (August 2015) A Reconstruction of Old Okinawan: A Corpus-Based Approach‎, University of Hawaii at Manoa

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[MR2021-1] Martine Robbeets (2021) Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages‎ - see 25Eurasia3anglesynthesisSI5eJaponic.xlsx

[2] Martin, Samuel E. (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 517

[3] Chihkai Lin (August 2015) A Reconstruction of Old Okinawan: A Corpus-Based Approach‎, University of Hawaii at Manoa