Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/mamaq

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mamaʔ/, /mamaq/

Verb

*mamaq

to chew without intending to swallow, as betel nut
to premasticate food to give to an infant

Descendants

Philippine
- Batanic
  - Yami: mama
  - Ivatan: mama
  - Ibatan: mama
- Northern Luzon
  - Ilocano: mamá
  - Meso-Cordilleran
    - Central Cordilleran
      - Ifugao
        Batad Ifugao: mama
        
        Tuwali Ifugao: moma
      - Bontoc–Kankanaey
        Central Bontoc: ma'ma
        
        Kankanaey: memá
        
        Northern Kankanay: mema
    - Southern Cordilleran
      - Ibaloi: mama
- Central Luzon
  - Sambalic
    - Bolinao: mamà'
    - Abenlen Ayta: mama
    - Mag-Anchi Ayta: mama
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Tagalog: magmamá
    - Bikol Central: mamá
    - Visayan
      - Cebuano: máma
      - Asi: mámà
      - Aklanon: mamá
      - Masbatenyo: mamá
      - Romblomanon: mama
      - Tausug: mama
    - Mansakan
      - Mansaka: mama
      - Kalagan: mama
      - Tagakaulu Kalagan: mama'
  - South Mangyan
    - Hanunoo: máma
  - Danao
    - Maranao: mama'an
  - Manobo
    - North
      - Binukid: mama
    - Central
      - Agusan Manobo: ma'mà
      - Western Bukidnon Manobo: mama'
      - Ata Manobo: mamò
      - Obo Manobo: mama'
  - Palawanic
    - Brooke's Point Palawano: mama'
    - Central Palawano: mamaq
  - Gorontalo–Mongondow
    - Mongondow: momama
    - Gorontalo: momama
- Kalamian
  - Calamian Tagbanwa: mamak
- South Mindanao
  - Tboli: amak
- Sangiric
  - Sangir: memama
Barito
- Sama–Bajaw
  - Inabaknon: mama
  - Inner Sulu
    - Central Sama: mama'
    - Southern Sama: mamah
  - Borneo Coast
    - Mapun: mama
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Batak
  - Dairi Batak: mamah
  - Karo Batak: mamah
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Chamic
  - Acehnese: mamoh
  - Coastal Chamic
    - Eastern Cham: ꨠꨠꩍ (mamâh)
    - Western Cham: mamưh
  - Highlands Chamic
    - Northern Chamic
      - Tsat: ma⁵⁵
      - Northern Roglai: mumãh
    - Jarai: măh
    - Rade: m'mah
- Malayic
  - Malay: mamah
    - Indonesian: mamah
    - → Manado Malay: mama
- Sundanese: mamah
Old Javanese: mamah
- Javanese: ꦩꦩꦃ (mamah)
South Sulawesi
- Makasar: mama
Celebic
- Saluan–Banggai
  - Balantak: ama'
- Kaili–Pamona
  - Pamona: mama
- Wotu–Wolio
  - Wolio: mama
- Muna–Buton
  - Muna: mama
Chamorro: måmå'
Palauan: mamach
Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Central Malayo-Polynesian
  - Bima: mama
  - Sumba–Flores
    - Sumba–Hawu
      - Sabu: mama
      - Kambera: mama
      - Laboya: mama
    - Western Flores
      - Manggarai: mama
      - Ngadha: mama
      - Rembong: mama'
  - Flores–Lembata
    - Sika: mama
  - Kei–Tanimbar
    - Kei: mam
    - Fordata: nmama
  - Timoric
    - Tetumic
      - Tetum: mama
    - Luangic–Kisaric
      - Kisar: mama
    - Rote–Meto
      - Termanu: mama
    - Wetar–Galoli
      - Ili'uun: mama
  - Central Maluku
    - West Central Maluku
      - Buru (Indonesia): mamah
      - Taliabu: moma
    - East Central Maluku
      - Banda–Geser
        Geser-Gorom: mama
        
        Watubela: mamak
      - East Seram
        Bobot: mama
        
        Masiwang: mama
      - Nunusaku
        Piru Bay
        Asilulu: mama
        
        Hitu: mama
      - Kowiai: namama
- Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  - Oceanic: *mamaq
    - Western Oceanic
      - Meso-Melanesian
        New Ireland–Northwest Solomonic
        Label: mama-i
        
        Uruava: mama
        
        Torau: mama
        
        Bali–Vitu
        Muduapa: mama
        
        Willaumez
        Nakanai: mama
      - North New Guinea
        Gedaged: mam
      - Papuan Tip
        Motu: mama
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic
      - Southeast Solomonic
        Gela: mama
      - Central Pacific
        West Fijian–Rotuman
        Rotuman: mama
        
        Western Fijian: mama
        
        East Fijian–Polynesian
        Fijian: mamā
        
        Polynesian: *mama
        Nuclear Polynesian
        Samoic–Outlier
        Ellicean
        Kapingamarangi: mama
        
        Sika: mama
        
        Takuu: mama
        
        Tuvaluan: mama
        
        Futunic
        Anuta: mama
        
        East Futuna: mama
        
        Pukapukan: mama
        
        Samoic
        Samoan: mama
        
        Tokelauan: mama
        
        Eastern Polynesian
        Marquesic
        Hawaiian: mama
        
        Mangarevan: mama
        
        North Marquesan: mama
        
        Tahitic
        Rarotongan: mama
        
        Tuamotuan: mama
        
        Tahitian: mama
        
        Rapa Nui: mama
        
        Tongic
        Tongan: mama
        
        Niuean: mama

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *mamaq.

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