Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/qanitu

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *qaNiCu.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔanitu/, /qanitu/

Noun

*qanitu

ghost (spirit of the dead)
owl

Descendants

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Fordata: nitu
  - Yamdena: nitu
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Oceanic: *qanitu
    - Central–Eastern Oceanic:
      - Central Oceanic:
        East Fijian-Polynesian:
        Fijian: nitu, vatunitu
        Proto-Polynesian: *qaitu
        Nuclear Polynesian:
        Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        North Marquesan: aitu
        South Marquesan: aitu
        Tahitic:
        Maori: aitu
        Rarotongan: aitu
        Tahitian: aitu
        Western Polynesian:
        Ellicean–Outlier:
        Nukuoro: eidu, itu
        Takuu: aitu
        Tuvaluan: aitu
        Futunic:
        Pukapukan: aitu
        Futuna-Aniwa: fegaitua
        Samoic:
        Samoan: aitu
        Tokelauan: aitu
        Tongic:
        Niuafo'ou: aitu
        Niuean: aitu
        Tongan: ʻeitumatupuʻa
        West Fijian-Rotuman:
        Rotuman: ʻoitu
        Western Fijian: yanitu
      - Micronesian:
        Chuukese: énú
        Pohnpeian: eni
        Puluwat: yanú
    - Western Oceanic:
      - Gedaged: anut
      - Gitua: anutu
      - Mbula: kon
Western Malayo-Polynesian:
- Borneo-Philippines:
  - Barito:
    - Ngaju: hantu
  - Kayanic:
    - Bahau: to', to
  - North Bornean:
    - Central Sarawakan:
      - Kajang:
        Kajaman: tew
        
        Sekapan: tew
      - Punan:
        Bukitan: otuh
        
        Punan Bah-Biau: otu
        
        Punan Tubu: otu
    - Northeast Sabahan:
      - Ida'an: nitu
  - Proto-Philippine: *qanitu
    - Aklanon: anitos
    - Bikol Central: anito
    - Calamian Tagbanwa: kanitu
    - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: anito
    - Cebuano: anitu
    - Central Bontoc: anitu
    - Dupaningan Agta: anitu
    - Ilocano: anito
    - Isnag: anito
    - Kankanaey: anito
    - Kapampangan: anito
    - Mag-Anchi Ayta: anito
    - Tagalog: anito
    - Yami: anito
- Celebic:
  - Lindu: anitu
  - Pamona: anitu
  - Uma: anitu
- Moklenic:
  - Moken: katoy
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
  - Batak:
    - Dairi Batak: hantu
    - Karo Batak: antu, hantu
  - Simeulue: hantu
- Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi:
  - Chamorro: aniti
  - Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
    - Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
      - Proto-Chamic: *ʔantɔw
        Acehnese: hantu
        Coastal Chamic:
        Cham:
        Eastern Cham: atŏw
        Highlands Chamic:
        Jarai: atâo
        Chru–Northern:
        Chru: atơu
        Northern Chamic:
        Tsat: ʔa²¹ taw³³
      - Proto-Malayic: *hantu
        Ibanic:
        Iban: antu
        Mualang: antu
        Seberuang: antu
        Kendayan: antu
        Malayan:
        Banjarese: hantu
        Brunei Malay: hantu
        Malay: hantu
        Indonesian: hantu
        Minangkabau: hantu
        Pattani Malay: atu
        Urak Lawoi': ฮาตู (hatu)
    - Sasak: antu
    - Sundanese: hantu
  - Old Javanese: hanitu
  - Proto-South Sulawesi:
    - Buginese: anitu