Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/tubuq

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *Cubuq.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tubuʔ/, /tubuq/

Verb

*tubuq

(intransitive) to grow (to become bigger)

Descendants

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Kola: tuf
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
    - Gimán: tub
  - Proto-Oceanic:
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
      - Central Pacific:
        Fijian: tubu, tuvu
        
        Proto-Polynesian: *tupu
        Nuclear Polynesian:
        Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: kupu
        Mangarevan: tupu
        Marquesan: tupu
        Rapa Nui: tupu
        Tahitic:
        Maori: tupu, tipu (dialectal)
        Rarotongan: tupu
        Tahitian: tupu
        Tuamotuan: tupu
        Western Polynesian:
        Ellicean–Outlier:
        Nukuoro: tumu, dubu
        Sikaiana: tupu
        Tuvaluan: tupu
        Futunic:
        East Futuna: tupu
        Futuna-Aniwa: tupu
        Pukapukan: tupu
        Samoic:
        Samoan: tupu
        Tokelauan: tupu
        Tongic:
        Niuean: tupu
        Tongan: tupu
        
        Rotuman: fupu
      - Southeast Solomonic:
        Arosi: subu
        
        Gela: tumbu
    - Western Oceanic:
      - Kove: tuvu
      - Motu: tubu
      - Tolai: tubu
Western Malayo-Polynesian:
- Borneo-Philippine:
  - Kayanic:
    - Rejang Kayan: tubu, tuvu
  - North Bornean:
    - Central Sarawakan:
      - Central Melanau: tubu', tobo'
    - Southwest Sabahan:
      - Tombonuo: tu'u, tumu'u
  - Proto-Philippine: *tubuq
    - Batanic:
      - Itbayaten: tovo
    - Central Luzon:
      - Kapampangan: tubu
    - Greater Central Philippine:
      - Central Philippine:
        Mansaka: tobo
        Tagalog: tubo
        Visayan:
        Aklanon: tubo
        Cebuano: tubu
        Hiligaynon: tubu
      - Gorontalo–Mongondow:
        Mongondow: tubu
      - Manobo:
        Western Bukidnon Manobo: tuvu
      - South Mangyan:
        Hanunoo: tubu
    - Northern Luzon:
      - Cagayan Valley:
        Isnag: tubo
        Itawit: tuhu
      - Ilocano: tubo
      - South–Central Cordilleran:
        Batad Ifugao: tubu
        Central Bontoc: tubu
        Kankanaey: tubo
        Pangasinan: tobo
    - Sangiric:
      - Sangir: tuwo
- Celebic:
  - Bonerate: tumbu
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
  - Toba Batak: tubu
- Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi:
  - Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
    - Balinese: tubuh
    - Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
      - Proto-Chamic: *tamuh
      - Proto-Malayic: *tumbuh
        Iban: tumbuh, tumboh
        Malay: tumbuh / تومبوه‎
        Indonesian: tumbuh
        Minangkabau: tumbuah
  - Old Javanese: tuwuh
    - Javanese: ꦠꦸꦮꦸꦃ (tuwuh, “sprout; descendant; grow”)
    - → Balinese: ᬢᬸᬳᬸᬄ (tuuh, “growth, age; stature; live”)
    - → Balinese: ᬢᬸᬯᬸᬄ (tuwuh, “growth, age”)
    - → Malay: tubuh (“body”)
      - Indonesian: tubuh