Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/śapat-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *śapat-. Cognate with Egyptian spt.

Noun

*śapat- f

lip
(figurative) brink, brim, border, margin

Inflection

Declension of *śapat-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*śapatum

*śapatāna

*śapātum

Genitive

*śapatim

*śapatayna

*śapātim

Accusative

*śapatam

possessive forms

1st person

*śapatī / *śapatVya

—

*śapatVni

2nd person m

*śapatVka

*śapatVkumā / *śapatVkumay

*śapatVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*śapatVki

*śapatVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*śapatVšu

*śapatVšumā / *śapatVšumay

*śapatVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*śapatVša

*śapatVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *śapatuya for nom. case, *śapatiya for gen. case, *śapataya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *śapat-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*śapatuka	*śapatāka	*śapātuka
Genitive	*śapatika	*śapatayka	*śapātika
Accusative	*śapataka	*śapatayka	*śapātika

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *śapat-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*śapatuki	*śapatāki	*śapātuki
Genitive	*śapatiki	*śapatayki	*śapātiki
Accusative	*śapataki	*śapatayki	*śapātiki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒅻 (šaptum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: شَفَة‎ (šafa)
    - Maltese: xoffa
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      Western Neo-Aramaic: ܣܶܦܬܳܐ‎ (sep̄ṯa)
      
      Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: סיפוותה‎
      
      Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܣܝܦܘܐܬܐ‎
      
      Jewish Literary Aramaic: סִיפְתָּא‎ (sip̄tā)
      
      Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: סִיפְתָּא‎ (sip̄tā), שִׂיפְתָּא‎ (śip̄tā)
      - Classical Syriac: ܣܶܦܬܳܐ‎ (sep̄ṯā)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: שָׂפָה‎ (safá, śāfâ)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎔𐎚 (špt /šapatu/)
→? Old Armenian: շուրթն (šurtʿn)