Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḏikar-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ḏikar- m

man, male

Reconstruction notes

Kogan (2011) reconstructs *ḏakar- instead.

Inflection

Declension of *ḏikar-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*ḏikarum

*ḏikarāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*ḏikarim

*ḏikarayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*ḏikaram

possessive forms

1st person

*ḏikarī / *ḏikarVya

—

*ḏikarVni

2nd person m

*ḏikarVka

*ḏikarVkumā / *ḏikarVkumay

*ḏikarVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*ḏikarVki

*ḏikarVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*ḏikarVšu

*ḏikarVšumā / *ḏikarVšumay

*ḏikarVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*ḏikarVša

*ḏikarVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḏikaruya for nom. case, *ḏikariya for gen. case, *ḏikaraya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ḏikar-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḏikaruka	*ḏikarāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*ḏikarika	*ḏikarayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*ḏikaraka	*ḏikarayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ḏikar-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḏikaruki	*ḏikarāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*ḏikariki	*ḏikarayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*ḏikaraki	*ḏikarayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒍑 (zikarum), 𒈬 (zikrum, “mention”)
- Eblaite: 𒍑 (NITA /ḏakarum/, “male”)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: ذَكَر‎ (ḏakar, “male”)
    - Egyptian Arabic: دكر‎ (dákar)
    - Gulf Arabic: ذَكَر‎ (ḏəkər), ذِكَر‎ (ḏekər)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: דִּכְרָא‎ (diḵrā)
      - Classical Syriac: ܕܷ݁ܟܪܳܐ‎ (deḵrā)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: זָכָר‎ (zakhár, zāḵār)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎄𐎋𐎗 (dkr /dakaru/, “male; ram”)
- Old South Arabian:
  - Sabaean: 𐩹𐩫𐩧‎ (ḏkr): ()

References

Kogan, Leonid (2011), “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 234
Schwally, Friedrich (1891), “Miscellen”, in Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (in German), volume 11, page 178–179

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.