Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/g/b-sat

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *sriat (Coblin, 1986)
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *g/b-sat (Matisoff, STEDT); *g-sat (LaPolla, 1987; Benedict, 1972); *g-sɑ̂t (Chou, 1972)

Compare Proto-Monic *k-r-cət ("to kill") (Mon ဃာစိုတ် (həcɒt, “to kill”)), Proto-Mon-Khmer *gət ~ gut (“to kill”) (Khmer គុត (kut, “to kill, to slay”)) ~ Vietnamese giết (“to kill”).

< Proto-Mon-Khmer *kc(ə)t (“to die”) (Proto-Monic *kcət, Vietnamese chết).

*b-sat

1. to kill
2. to hit, to strike

• Old Chinese: 殺 /*s‹r›at/ (B-S), /*sreːd/ (ZS) (“to kill”); 殺 /*s‹r›at-s/ (B-S), /*sreːds/ (ZS) (“to diminish”)
  • Middle Chinese: 殺 /ʃɣɛt/, informally also: 煞 /ʃɣɛt/ “to kill, to stop; very, extremely; evil spirit”)

    → Japanese: 殺 (さつ, ​satsu)
    Korean: 살 (殺, sal)
    Vietnamese: sát (殺)

    • Mandarin:
      • Beijing: 殺／杀 (shā, shài), /ʂa⁵⁵/, /ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/), 煞 (shà), /ʂa⁵¹/)
    • Cantonese:
      • Guangzhou-Hong Kong: 殺／杀 /sɑːt̚³/
    • Wu:
      • Shanghainese: 殺／杀 /sa̠ʔ⁵⁵/
  • Min:
    • Coastal Min:
      • Min Nan:
        • Hokkien:
          • Taiwan: 殺／杀 /sat̚³/
• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Bodic
      • Tibetan
        • Written Tibetan: གསོད་པ (gsod pa, “to kill, to slaughter, to murder; to extinguish, to eliminate, to eradicate, to annihilate”) (pf. བསད (bsad))
• Sal
  • Bodo-Koch
    • Bodo-Garo
      • Garo: so·ota
• Tangut-Qiang
  • rGyalrongic
    • Japhug: sat
• Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
  • Proto-Lolo-Burmese: *C-sat (“to kill”)
    • Burmish
      • Burmese: သတ် (sat, “to kill; to quench (fire); to fight, to struggle”)
    • Loloish
      • Northern Loloish
        • Yi (Liangshan): ꌉ (sit, “to kill; to stab; to fight a war”)

• *gum ~ kum (“to die, to kill”)
• *səj (“to die”)