Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/s-tjaŋ

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *stɨng (Coblin, 1986)
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *diŋ (“top; summit”), *s-tyaŋ (“upper part; rise; raise”) (Matisoff, STEDT)

Related to *l‑t(j)ak (“top; above; climb”) (STEDT).

Root

*s-tjaŋ

upper part; rise; raise; top; summit

Descendants

Old Chinese: 上 (OC *djaŋʔ, *djaŋs), 頂 (OC *teːŋʔ), 顛 (OC *tiːn), 巔 (OC *tiːn), 登 (OC *tɯːŋ), 等 (OC *tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ), 承 (OC *ɡljɯŋ), 丞 (OC *ɡljɯŋ, *ɡljɯŋs), 拯 (OC *kljɯŋʔ), 烝 (OC *kljɯŋ, *kljɯŋs), 稱 (OC *tʰjɯŋ, *tʰjɯŋs)
- Middle Chinese: 上 (MC d͡ʑɨɐŋ^X, d͡ʑɨɐŋ^H), 頂 (MC teŋ^X), 顛 (MC ten), 巔 (MC ten), 登 (MC təŋ), 等 (MC tʌi^X, təŋ^X), 承 (MC d͡ʑɨŋ), 丞 (MC d͡ʑɨŋ, d͡ʑɨŋ^H), 拯 (MC t͡ɕɨŋ^X), 烝 (MC t͡ɕɨŋ, t͡ɕɨŋ^H), 稱 (MC t͡ɕʰɨŋ, t͡ɕʰɨŋ^H)
  - Modern Mandarin
    - Beijing: 上 (shàng), 頂／顶 (dǐng), 顛／颠 (diān), 巔／巅 (diān), 登 (dēng), 等 (děng), 承 (chéng), 丞 (chéng), 拯 (zhěng), 烝 (zhēng), 稱／称 (chēng)
Himalayish
- Tibeto-Kanauri
  - Bodic
    - Tibetan
      - Written Tibetan: སྟེང (steng, “upper part”)
        Dzongkha: སྟེང (steng, “up; on; above; over”)
Proto-Karen: *thaŋᴮ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
- Pa'o Karen: ထင်း (“to climb”)
- S'gaw Karen: ထီၣ် (hṭaẁ, “to ascend; to go up”)

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