Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čarъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ker-, *kēr-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make, build”). Cognate with Sanskrit करोति (karóti), Lithuanian kùrti.

Slavic forms with *čar- presuppose a nominal lengthened-grade derivation, i.e. Proto-Balto-Slavic *kēr- (Lithuanian kẽras (“charm, magic”)). Serbo-Croatian feminine i-stem is probably an archaism - lengthened grade is expected in PIE root nouns which yield Balto-Slavic i-stems. The PIE root probably already had magical connotations, i.e. denoting remote action by magical means. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?).

Noun

*čarъ m[1]

magic, sorcery

Declension

Declension of *čarъ (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*čarъ	*čara	*čari
Accusative	*čarъ	*čara	*čary
Genitive	*čara	*čaru	*čarъ
Locative	*čarě	*čaru	*čarěxъ
Dative	*čaru	*čaroma	*čaromъ
Instrumental	čarъmь, čaromь^*	*čaroma	*čary
Vocative	*čare	*čara	*čari

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Alternative forms

*čarь

Related terms

*čara (“magic, sorcery”)
*čariteljь
*čarovьnica (“witch, sorceress”)
*čarovьnikъ (“wizard, magician, sorcerer”)
*čarovьnъ (“magical”)

Derived terms

*čarati
*čariti
*čarodějь (“wizard, magician, sorcerer”)
*čarovati (“to cast spell on, to bewitch, hex”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: чаръ (čarŭ)
  - Belarusian: ча́ры (čáry)
  - Russian: ча́ры (čáry)
  - Ukrainian: чар (čar)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: чаръ (čarŭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱍⰰⱃⱏ (čarŭ)
- Bulgarian: чар (čar)
- Macedonian: чар (čar)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: ча̑р
  
  Latin: čȃr
- Slovene: čár
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: čar
  - Czech: čár
- Polish: czar
- Slovak: čar
- Slovincian: čȧ̃rä

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čarъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 78: “m. o ‘magic, sorcery’”

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[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čarъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 78: “m. o ‘magic, sorcery’”