< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/(j)ęčьmy

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Unknown. Sometimes linked to Proto-Indo-European *h₂enk- (“to bend”) (see *ǫkotь (“hook”)),[1] but the semantics are dubious. Alternatively, to Ancient Greek ἀκοστή (akostḗ, “barley”), Latin acus (“bran; awn”), Old English ēar (“ear of grain”), Gothic 𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ahana, “awn; chaff”), Tocharian B āk (“ear, awn”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed; awn”),[2] though Beekes rejects the Greek connection.[3] This suffers phonetic problems, namely that *č is unexpected and the nasal vowel would be unexplained. A third possibility is substrate origin, like many other agricultural terms in Indo-European.

Noun

*(j)ęčьmy m[1]

  1. barley

Inflection
Declension of *(j)ęčьmy (n-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *(j)ęčьmy *(j)ęčьmeni *(j)ęčьmene
Accusative *(j)ęčьmenь *(j)ęčьmeni *(j)ęčьmeni
Genitive *(j)ęčьmene *(j)ęčьmenu *(j)ęčьmenъ
Locative *(j)ęčьmene *(j)ęčьmenu *(j)ęčьmenьxъ
Dative *(j)ęčьmeni *(j)ęčьmenьma *(j)ęčьmenьmъ
Instrumental *(j)ęčьmenьmь *(j)ęčьmenьma *(j)ęčьmenьmi
Vocative *(j)ęčьmy *(j)ęčьmeni *(j)ęčьmene

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: ꙗчьмꙑ (jačĭmy), ꙗчьмень (jačĭmenĭ)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: ѩчьнѣнъ (jęčĭněnŭ)
      Glagolitic script: ⱗⱍⱐⱀⱑⱏ (jęčĭněŭ)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: ечеми́к (ečemík)
    • Macedonian: јачмен (jačmen)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Serbo-Croatian: јѐчам, [Term?], [Term?]
      Serbo-Croatian: jèčam, jȅčmēn, jȁčmen
      • Chakavian (Orbanići): jȁčmik
      • Chakavian (Vrgada): jȁčmer
    • Slovene: jéčmen
  • West Slavic:

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ęčьmy”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 156–157: “m. n ‘barley’”
  2. Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ячме́нь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
  3. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀκοστή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 55
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