< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žьdati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited or (at least) based on Proto-Balto-Slavic *géistei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeydʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian geĩsti (“to desire”) (ye-present), Old Prussian gēide (“[they] wait”) and related to Latvian gàidît (“to wait”), Proto-West Germanic *gīdisōn (“to be greedy”).

Majer presumes origin ultimatly from a proto-medial voice *gʰidʰ-ó(r) ~ *gʰidʰ-ró(r)[1].

Verb

*žьdàti impf[2][3][4]

  1. to wait
    Synonym: *čakati
  2. to await, to expect

Alternative forms
  • *žьděti (ě/i-conjugation) (in Slovene)

Conjugation

Both "bhárati" (in OCS) and "tudáti" (elsewhere) types are attested:

Conjugation of *žьdati, *žьda, *židetь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*žьdanьje *žьdati *žьdatъ *žьdalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *žьdanъ *židomъ
Active *žьdavъ *židy
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *žьdaxъ*žьda*žьda *židǫ*žideši*židetь
Dual *žьdaxově*žьdasta*žьdaste *židevě*žideta*židete
Plural *žьdaxomъ*žьdaste*žьdašę *židemъ*židete*židǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *žьdaaxъ*žьdaaše*žьdaaše —*židi*židi
Dual *žьdaaxově*žьdaašeta*žьdaašete *židěvě*židěta—
Plural *žьdaaxomъ*žьdaašete*žьdaaxǫ *židěmъ*židěte—
Conjugation of *žьdati, *žьda, *žьdetь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*žьdanьje *žьdati *žьdatъ *žьdalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *žьdanъ *žьdomъ
Active *žьdavъ *žьdy
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *žьdaxъ*žьda*žьda *žьdǫ*žьdeši*žьdetь
Dual *žьdaxově*žьdasta*žьdaste *žьdevě*žьdeta*žьdete
Plural *žьdaxomъ*žьdaste*žьdašę *žьdemъ*žьdete*žьdǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *žьdaaxъ*žьdaaše*žьdaaše —*žьdi*žьdi
Dual *žьdaaxově*žьdaašeta*žьdaašete *žьděvě*žьděta—
Plural *žьdaaxomъ*žьdaašete*žьdaaxǫ *žьděmъ*žьděte—
  • Iterative stem: *-židati

Derived terms
  • *dožidati
  • *ožidati
    • *ožidanьje (“expectation”)
  • *požidati
  • *peržidati
  • *jьzžidati, *vyžidati (“to bide one's time”)
  • *žьdьnъ (“awaited, expected”)
  • *kъžьdo (“everyone, altogether”) (< *kъ (“interrogative particle”) + *-žьdо)
    • *kъžьdъ (“each, any”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: ждаць (ždacʹ)
    • Russian: ждать (ždatʹ)
    • Ukrainian: жда́ти (ždáty)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic: жьдати (žĭdati)
      Glagolitic: ⰶⱐⰴⰰⱅⰻ (žĭdati)
    • Bulgarian: жда (žda), жъда́ (žǎdá) (dialectal)
    • Slovene: ždẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: ždáti
      • Czech: ždát
    • Kashubian: żdac
    • Old Polish: żdać

Further reading

References
  1. Majer, Marek (2012), “An archaic Indo-European verbal form in the Slavic generalizing particle *-žьdo?”, in The Indo-European Verb. Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert, pages 225-234
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žьdàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 565: “v. (c) ‘wait, await’”
  3. Olander, Thomas (2001), “žьdati: žьdǫ (židǫ) žьdetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c vente (PR 139)”
  4. Snoj, Marko (2016), “ždẹ́ti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “slovan. *žьda̋ti, sed. *židǫ”
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