< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/družьba
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dráugībāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ-. Morphologically from *drugъ + *-ьba. Cognate with Latvian draudzība (“friendship”) (with g > dz via palatalization), Lithuanian draugybė (“friendship”).
Declension
Declension of *družьba (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *družьba | *družьbě | *družьby |
| Accusative | *družьbǫ | *družьbě | *družьby |
| Genitive | *družьby | *družьbu | *družьbъ |
| Locative | *družьbě | *družьbu | *družьbasъ, *družьbaxъ* |
| Dative | *družьbě | *družьbama | *družьbamъ |
| Instrumental | *družьbojǫ, *družьbǫ** | *družьbama | *družьbami |
| Vocative | *družьbo | *družьbě | *družьby |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*družьba”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 135
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