Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/esmъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

*esmъ

first-person plural present of *byti

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: есмъ (esmŭ)
  - Russian: есмы́ (jesmý)
  - Ukrainian: єсьмо́ (jesʹmó)
- Old Novgorodian: есме (esme), есмꙑ (esmy)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: ѥсмъ (jesmŭ)
- Bulgarian: сме (sme)
- Macedonian: сме (sme), смо (smo) (dialectal), сне (sne) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  - Cyrillic script: јесмо, смо
  - Latin script: jesmo, smo
- Old Slovene: gezm[1], gezim[2]
  - Slovene: smo
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: jsmy (yſmy/gſmi), smy (ſmy/ſmi), sme (ſme)[3]
  - Czech: jsme
- Kashubian: jesmë
- Old Polish: jesmy (iesmi/yesmy/gesmy/?geszmy/?yeszmy), jestesmy[4]
  - Polish: jesteśmy, -śmy
- Slovak: sme

References

“Igezm”, in Freising manuscripts, 1005±33, page 4 (2.2/159r), line 66
“ſe imuigezim tere”, in Freising manuscripts, 1005±33, page 3 (2.1/158v), line 32
Jan Gebauer (1886), “Tvaroslovné výklady a doklady ke slovesům třídy IV, VI a bezpříznakým. Kmeny praesentní bez příznaku.”, in Listy filologické a paedagogické, volume 13, Prague: Jednota českých filologů, Edvard Grégr, page 304
K. Nitsch, editor (1954), “1. Być”, in Słownik staropolski (in Old Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 184

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “есмы”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “є”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 175

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[1] “Igezm”, in Freising manuscripts, 1005±33, page 4 (2.2/159r), line 66

[2] “ſe imuigezim tere”, in Freising manuscripts, 1005±33, page 3 (2.1/158v), line 32

[3] Jan Gebauer (1886), “Tvaroslovné výklady a doklady ke slovesům třídy IV, VI a bezpříznakým. Kmeny praesentní bez příznaku.”, in Listy filologické a paedagogické, volume 13, Prague: Jednota českých filologů, Edvard Grégr, page 304

[4] K. Nitsch, editor (1954), “1. Być”, in Słownik staropolski (in Old Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 184