< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gъrdъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Derksen reconstructs Proto-Balto-Slavic *gurˀdus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥dus, *gʷrd-o- (“slow, heavy, tired”), see also Lithuanian gurdùs, Latvian gur̃ds (“tired”), Ancient Greek βραδύς (bradús, “slow”).[1] The problem here is Slavic mobility with circumflex.
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *gъrdъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *gъ̑rdъ | *gъ̑rda | *gъ̑rdo |
| Accusative | *gъ̑rdъ | *gъ̑rdǫ | *gъ̑rdo |
| Genitive | *gъ̑rda | *gъ̑rdy | *gъ̑rda |
| Locative | *gъ̑rdě | *gъ̑rdě | *gъ̑rdě |
| Dative | *gъ̑rdu | *gъ̑rdě | *gъ̑rdu |
| Instrumental | *gъ̑rdomь | *gъ̑rdojǫ | *gъ̑rdomь |
| Vocative | *gъ̑rde | *gъ̑rdo | *gъ̑rdo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *gъ̑rda | *gъ̑rdě | *gъ̑rdě |
| Accusative | *gъ̑rda | *gъ̑rdě | *gъ̑rdě |
| Genitive | *gъ̑rdu | *gъ̑rdu | *gъ̑rdu |
| Locative | *gъ̑rdu | *gъ̑rdu | *gъ̑rdu |
| Dative | *gъ̑rdoma | *gъ̑rdama | *gъ̑rdoma |
| Instrumental | *gъ̑rdoma | *gъ̑rdama | *gъ̑rdoma |
| Vocative | *gъ̑rda | *gъ̑rdě | *gъ̑rdě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *gъ̑rdi | *gъ̑rdy | *gъ̑rda |
| Accusative | *gъ̑rdy | *gъ̑rdy | *gъ̑rda |
| Genitive | *gъ̑rdъ | *gъ̑rdъ | *gъ̑rdъ |
| Locative | *gъ̑rděxъ | *gъ̑rdaxъ | *gъ̑rděxъ |
| Dative | *gъ̑rdomъ | *gъ̑rdamъ | *gъ̑rdomъ |
| Instrumental | *gъ̑rdy | *gъ̑rdami | *gъ̑rdy |
| Vocative | *gъ̑rdi | *gъ̑rdy | *gъ̑rda |
Definite declension of *gъrdъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *gъ̑rdъjь | *gъ̑rdaja | *gъ̑rdoje |
| Accusative | *gъ̑rdъjь | *gъ̑rdǫjǫ | *gъ̑rdoje |
| Genitive | *gъ̑rdajego | *gъ̑rdyję | *gъ̑rdajego |
| Locative | *gъ̑rdějemь | *gъ̑rději | *gъ̑rdějemь |
| Dative | *gъ̑rdujemu | *gъ̑rději | *gъ̑rdujemu |
| Instrumental | *gъ̑rdyjimi | *gъ̑rdǫjǫ | *gъ̑rdyjimi |
| Vocative | *gъ̑rdъjь | *gъ̑rdaja | *gъ̑rdoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *gъ̑rdaja | *gъ̑rději | *gъ̑rději |
| Accusative | *gъ̑rdaja | *gъ̑rději | *gъ̑rději |
| Genitive | *gъ̑rduju | *gъ̑rduju | *gъ̑rduju |
| Locative | *gъ̑rduju | *gъ̑rduju | *gъ̑rduju |
| Dative | *gъ̑rdyjima | *gъ̑rdyjima | *gъ̑rdyjima |
| Instrumental | *gъ̑rdyjima | *gъ̑rdyjima | *gъ̑rdyjima |
| Vocative | *gъ̑rdaja | *gъ̑rději | *gъ̑rději |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *gъ̑rdiji | *gъ̑rdyję | *gъ̑rdaja |
| Accusative | *gъ̑rdyję | *gъ̑rdyję | *gъ̑rdaja |
| Genitive | *gъ̑rdъjixъ | *gъ̑rdъjixъ | *gъ̑rdъjixъ |
| Locative | *gъ̑rdyjixъ | *gъ̑rdyjixъ | *gъ̑rdyjixъ |
| Dative | *gъ̑rdyjimъ | *gъ̑rdyjimъ | *gъ̑rdyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *gъ̑rdyjimi | *gъ̑rdyjimi | *gъ̑rdyjimi |
| Vocative | *gъ̑rdiji | *gъ̑rdyję | *gъ̑rdaja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “го́рдый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Sukac, R. (2014). Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and Balto-Slavic Accentology. United Kingdom: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, p. 177
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gъ̑rdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 198: “adj. o (c) ‘proud’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “gъrdъ gъrda gъrdo”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c stolt (SA 111; PR 138)”
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