< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/govorъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gawaras, from Proto-Indo-European *gowH-oro-s, from *g⁽ʷ⁾ewH- (“to call, name”). Cognate with Latvian gaura (“chatter”). Cognate with Sanskrit जोगुवे (jóguve, “to call, to invoke”), Ancient Greek γόος (góos, “wailing, weeping”).

Noun

*gȍvorъ m[1][2]

  1. (originally) prattle, grumble
    Synonyms: *rъpъtъ, *bъltanьje
  2. (eventually) vocalization, utterance
  3. (abstract) talk, speech
    Synonym: *rěčь
  4. (by extension) vernacular (style of talking)

Alternative forms
  • *gavorъ
    • ⇒ Polish: gaworzyć
  • *govora f (ā-stem)
  • *govorь f (i-stem), *govori f (ī-stem)

Declension
Declension of *gȍvorъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *gȍvorъ *gȍvora *gȍvori
Accusative *gȍvorъ *gȍvora *gȍvory
Genitive *gȍvora *govorù *govòrъ
Locative *gȍvorě *govorù *govorě̃xъ
Dative *gȍvoru *govoromà *govoròmъ
Instrumental *gȍvorъmь, *gȍvoromь* *govoromà *govorý
Vocative *govore *gȍvora *gȍvori
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

In Ukrainian, Slovincian:

Declension of *gȍvorъ (u-stem, accent paradigm c)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *gȍvorъ *gȍvory *gȍvorove
Accusative *gȍvorъ *gȍvory *gȍvory
Genitive *gȍvoru *govorovù *govoròvъ
Locative *govorú *govorovù *gȍvorъxъ
Dative *gȍvorovi *govorъmà *gȍvorъmъ
Instrumental *gȍvorъmь *govorъmà *govorъmì
Vocative *govoru *gȍvory *gȍvorove

Derived terms

Verbs:

  • *govorìti (“to talk, to speak”)
  • *govorъkati (“to chatter, to mumble”)

Nouns:

  • *dogovorъ (“contract, agreement”)
  • *jьzgovorъ (“pronunciation”)
  • *nagovorъ (“verbal dispute, slander”), *nagovorъka (“chitter-chatter”)
  • *pergovorъ (“negotiation”)
  • *pоgovorъ, *pоgovorъka (“proverb, saying”)
  • *prigovorъ (“objection, verdict”)
  • *progovorъ (“utterance”)
  • *ogovorъ (“slander”) (East Slavic)
  • *otъgovorъ (“response”)
  • *orzgovorъ (“conversation”)
  • *sъgovorъ (“concord”)
  • *ugovorъ, *ugovorъka (“agreement”)
  • *vygovorъ (“rebuke”)
  • *zagovorъ (“conspiracy, complot”)

Adjectives:

  • *govorьnъ, *govorьskъ (“related to speech, vocalization”)
  • *gavьra (“ridicule, mockery”)
  • *gvarъ, *gvara (“vernacular, idiom”)
  • *gutorъ (“talk, discussion”)
  • *gǫsti, *gǫděti (“to make noise, to drone, to play music”)
  • *žugati, *žuxati (“to drone, to hum, to creak”) (possibly)

Descendants

Further reading

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gȍvorъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 181: “m. o ‘talk’”
  2. Snoj, Marko (2016), “govor”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *gȍvorъ”
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