< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьva
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *éiˀwāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw-. Cognates include Latvian iẽva (“hagberry”), Lithuanian ievà (“hagberry”), dial. Lithuanian íeva, and Proto-Germanic *īhwaz.
Declension
Declension of *jь̀va (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jь̀va | *jь̀vě | *jь̀vy |
| Accusative | *jь̀vǫ | *jь̀vě | *jь̀vy |
| Genitive | *jь̀vy | *jь̀vu | *jь̀vъ |
| Locative | *jь̀vě | *jь̀vu | *jь̀vasъ, *jь̀vaxъ* |
| Dative | *jь̀vě | *jь̀vama | *jь̀vamъ |
| Instrumental | *jь̀vojǫ, *jь̀vǭ** | *jь̀vama | *jь̀vamī |
| Vocative | *jь̀vo | *jь̀vě | *jь̀vy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jьva I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 248
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “і́ва”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 287
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “и́ва”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*jь̀va”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 216: “f. ā (a) ‘willow’”
- Dybo, Vladimir A.; Zamyatina, Galina I.; Nikolaev, Sergei L. (1990) Основы славянской акцентологии [Fundamentals of Slavic Accentology] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 42
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