< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/korva

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ, irregular centum reflex of Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-weh₂, from *ḱerh₂- (“head, top; horn”).

Matasović (2008) argues that it was borrowed from Celtic in prehistorical times due to the impossibility of deriving it by regular sound laws:

  • PIE *ḱerh₂weh₂ > Proto-Celtic *kerawā > *karawā (Joseph's rule) > Early Proto-Slavic *karwā > Common Slavic *kőrva.

Alternatively, Matasović's Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (2009) lists the Old Church Slavonic form krava “cow” as being related to the Proto-Celtic *karwo- (“deer”), ultimately coming from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (the first element of *ḱerh₂weh₂).

Baltic cognates (either similarly irregularly inherited via Balto-Slavic, or borrowed from Celtic or Slavic) include Lithuanian kárvė (“cow”) and Old Prussian curwis (“ox”). For further Indo-European cognates see *ḱerh₂-.

Noun

*kòrva f[1][2][3]

  1. cow

Inflection
Declension of *kòrva (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *kòrva *kòrvě *kòrvy
Accusative *kòrvǫ *kòrvě *kòrvy
Genitive *kòrvy *kòrvu *kòrvъ
Locative *kòrvě *kòrvu *kòrvasъ, *kòrvaxъ*
Dative *kòrvě *kòrvama *kòrvamъ
Instrumental *kòrvojǫ, *kòrvǭ** *kòrvama *kòrvamī
Vocative *kòrvo *kòrvě *kòrvy
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms
  • *korvařь
  • *korvica
  • *korvina
  • *korvъka
  • *korvьjь
  • *korvьna / *korvьnъ
  • *korvьskъ
  • *korvajь

Descendants

Further reading

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kòrva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236: “f. ā (a) ‘cow’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “korva korvy”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a ko (NA 75; SA 166, 177; PR 132; MP 21; RPT 109)”
  3. Kapović, Mate (2007), “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch‎, University of Vienna, page 5: “*kőrva”
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