< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lěvъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *leh₂iwos, a derivative of *leh₂-yé-ti (“to lurk, to ambush”) + *-wós, ultimately from *leh₂- (“to be hidden, to wait from a distance”). Cognates include Ancient Greek λαιός (laiós), Latin laevus. The adjective got its meaning likely due to the popular view that the left hand is the weaker, less suitable hand to use.
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *lěvъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *lěvъ | *lěva | *lěvo |
| Accusative | *lěvъ | *lěvǫ | *lěvo |
| Genitive | *lěva | *lěvy | *lěva |
| Locative | *lěvě | *lěvě | *lěvě |
| Dative | *lěvu | *lěvě | *lěvu |
| Instrumental | *lěvomь | *lěvojǫ | *lěvomь |
| Vocative | *lěve | *lěvo | *lěvo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *lěva | *lěvě | *lěvě |
| Accusative | *lěva | *lěvě | *lěvě |
| Genitive | *lěvu | *lěvu | *lěvu |
| Locative | *lěvu | *lěvu | *lěvu |
| Dative | *lěvoma | *lěvama | *lěvoma |
| Instrumental | *lěvoma | *lěvama | *lěvoma |
| Vocative | *lěva | *lěvě | *lěvě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *lěvi | *lěvy | *lěva |
| Accusative | *lěvy | *lěvy | *lěva |
| Genitive | *lěvъ | *lěvъ | *lěvъ |
| Locative | *lěvěxъ | *lěvaxъ | *lěvěxъ |
| Dative | *lěvomъ | *lěvamъ | *lěvomъ |
| Instrumental | *lěvy | *lěvami | *lěvy |
| Vocative | *lěvi | *lěvy | *lěva |
Definite declension of *lěvъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *lěvъjь | *lěvaja | *lěvoje |
| Accusative | *lěvъjь | *lěvǫjǫ | *lěvoje |
| Genitive | *lěvajego | *lěvyję | *lěvajego |
| Locative | *lěvějemь | *lěvěji | *lěvějemь |
| Dative | *lěvujemu | *lěvěji | *lěvujemu |
| Instrumental | *lěvyjimi | *lěvǫjǫ | *lěvyjimi |
| Vocative | *lěvъjь | *lěvaja | *lěvoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *lěvaja | *lěvěji | *lěvěji |
| Accusative | *lěvaja | *lěvěji | *lěvěji |
| Genitive | *lěvuju | *lěvuju | *lěvuju |
| Locative | *lěvuju | *lěvuju | *lěvuju |
| Dative | *lěvyjima | *lěvyjima | *lěvyjima |
| Instrumental | *lěvyjima | *lěvyjima | *lěvyjima |
| Vocative | *lěvaja | *lěvěji | *lěvěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *lěviji | *lěvyję | *lěvaja |
| Accusative | *lěvyję | *lěvyję | *lěvaja |
| Genitive | *lěvъjixъ | *lěvъjixъ | *lěvъjixъ |
| Locative | *lěvyjixъ | *lěvyjixъ | *lěvyjixъ |
| Dative | *lěvyjimъ | *lěvyjimъ | *lěvyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *lěvyjimi | *lěvyjimi | *lěvyjimi |
| Vocative | *lěviji | *lěvyję | *lěvaja |
Derived terms
- *lěvakъ (“left-handed man”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ле́вый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*lě̑vъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 275: “adj. o (c) ‘left’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “lěvъ lěva lěvo”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c venstre (PR 138)”
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