Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/peťera

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From *peťь (“oven”) +‎ *-era, from *peťi (“to bake”) + *-tь.

Probably unrelated to Latin specus (“cave”)

Noun

*peťera f

cave

Declension

Declension of *peťera (hard a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*peťera	*peťerě	*peťery
Accusative	*peťerǫ	*peťerě	*peťery
Genitive	*peťery	*peťeru	*peťerъ
Locative	*peťerě	*peťeru	peťerasъ, peťeraxъ^*
Dative	*peťerě	*peťerama	*peťeramъ
Instrumental	peťerojǫ, peťerǫ^**	*peťerama	*peťerami
Vocative	*peťero	*peťerě	*peťery

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*pečura (possibly)

Derived terms

*peťerьnъ

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: печера (pečera)
  - Belarusian: пячо́ра (pjačóra)
  - → Polish: pieczara (possibly)
    - → Kashubian: pieczara (proscribed)
  - Russian: печо́ра (pečóra)
    - ⇒ Russian: печу́рка (pečúrka)
  - Ukrainian: пече́ра (pečéra)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: пещера (peštera)
  - Bulgarian: пещера́ (pešterá)
  - → Russian: пеще́ра (peščéra)
- Macedonian: пештера (peštera)
- Serbo-Croatian: — (пѐћина)
West Slavic
- Kashubian: piecara
→ Aromanian: pishtireauã
→ Romanian: peșteră

Wiesław Boryś (2005), “pieczara”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego, Wydawnictwo Literackie, page 427
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “печо́ра”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “пещера”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “пещера”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 30
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “печурка”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 29
Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902), “печера”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 927
France Bezlaj; Marko Snoj; Metka Furlan (1995), “pejca”, in Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika, volume 3, Mladinska Knjiga, page 21

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