< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rakъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative reconstructions
- *òrkъ[1]
Etymology
Disputed. According to one hypothesis, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rṓˀkas, from Proto-Indo-European *wre-h₃kʷo-s (“looking backwards”), composed of the elements *wre- (“back”) (compare Latin re-) and *-h₃kʷ- (“looking, appearing”). Cognate with Old Prussian rokis (“crayfish”) and dialectal Lithuanian rõkis, rókis, but according to Derksen these are borrowings from Slavic. Compare instead Lithuanian érkė and Latvian ẽrce, both meaning “tick”.[1] Alternatively, of substrate origin.[2]
Declension
Declension of *ràkъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ràkъ | *ràka | *ràci |
| Accusative | *ràkъ | *ràka | *ràky |
| Genitive | *ràka | *ràku | *ràkъ |
| Locative | *ràcě | *ràku | *ràcě̄xъ |
| Dative | *ràku | *ràkoma | *ràkomъ |
| Instrumental | *ràkъmь, *ràkomь* | *ràkoma | *ràkȳ |
| Vocative | *ràče | *ràka | *ràci |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*òrkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 374
- Mažiulis, Vytautas (1997), “rokis”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian] (in Lithuanian), volume 4, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, page 31
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “рак”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Verweij, Arno (1994), “Quantity Patterns of Substantives in Czech and Slovak”, in Dutch Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists, Bratislava (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics), volume 22, Editions Rodopi B.V., page 525, 530
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