Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rygati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*rigati

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀgā́ˀtei, by Winter's law from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rug-, from the root *h₁rewg-. Cognate with Lithuanian ráugėti (“to belch”), Latvian raûgâtiês (“to belch”), Lithuanian rū́gti (“to turn sour, to regurgitate acid”) (1sg. rū́giu), Latvian rûgt (“to ferment?”), Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “to vomit, to disgorge, to belch out, to discharge, to roar”), ἐρυγγάνω (erungánō, “to regurgitate”), Latin rūgiō (“to roar”) (infinitive rūgīre), ērūgō (“to belch, to disgorge noisily”) (infinitive ērūgere), ructō (“to vomit, to spit out”) (infinitive ructāre), Persian ‎ (ârôğ, “belch”), Old English rocettan (“to belch”), Old Armenian ործամ (orcam, “to belch, to vomit”).

Some descendants reflect a proto-form *rigati. Per Derksen, this form may stem from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rjūˀg-, with an analogical -j- taken from *rjauˀg-, the expected development of full-grade Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg-, as in dialectal Lithuanian riáugėti (“to turn sour”) (1sg. riáugmi).

Verb

*rygati

to belch

Inflection

Conjugation of *rygati, *ryga, *rygajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*ryganьje	*rygati	*rygatъ	*rygalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*ryganъ	*rygajemъ
Active	*rygavъ	*rygaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*rygaxъ	*ryga	*ryga	*rygajǫ	*rygaješi	*rygajetь
Dual	*rygaxově	*rygasta	*rygaste	*rygajevě	*rygajeta	*rygajete
Plural	*rygaxomъ	*rygaste	*rygašę	*rygajemъ	*rygajete	*rygajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*rygaaxъ	*rygaaše	*rygaaše	—	*rygaji	*rygaji
Dual	*rygaaxově	*rygaašeta	*rygaašete	*rygajivě	*rygajita	—
Plural	*rygaaxomъ	*rygaašete	*rygaaxǫ	*rygajimъ	*rygajite	—

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: рыга́ць (ryhácʹ)
- Russian: рыга́ть (rygátʹ, “to belch, (dialectal) to weep, to sob”), 1sg. рыга́ю (rygáju)
- Ukrainian: рига́ти (ryháty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: отъригати (otŭrigati, “to disgorge (words)”)
  
  Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: ри́гам (rígam, “to belch, to vomit”)
- Macedonian: рига (riga, “to belch, to vomit”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: рѝгати (“to belch”), 1sg. рѝга̄м
  
  Latin: rìgati (“to belch”), 1sg. rìgām
  - Chakavian (Vrgada): rȉgati (“to belch”), 2sg. rȉgå̄š
- Slovene: rígati (“to belch, to throw up, to bray”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. rȋgam (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: říhati
  - Czech: říhat (“to belch”)
- Polish: rzygać (“to throw up”)
- Slovak: rihať (“to belch”)
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: rihać
  - Lower Sorbian: rygaś

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*rygati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “рыга́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

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