< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skoba
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative reconstructions
- *sъkoba[1]
Etymology
Main proposals:
- Meillet, Leskien: Related to dialectal Russian ко́бень (kóbenʹ, “hook”), Lithuanian sánkaba/sùkaba (“clasp”), kabė (“clasp”), kablỹs (“hook”) (from Lithuanian kabėti (“to hang”)), Latvian kablis (“hook”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kebʰ- (“to hook, to hold, to fasten”). Further akin to Sanskrit स्कम्भ (skambhá, “pole”) (with nasal infix).
- Miklošič, Uhlenbeck: From Proto-Indo-European *(s)keb- (“to shape”), *(s)kemb- (“to bend”), related to Proto-Germanic *skapą (“shape”), *humpaz (“hump”), Latin scamnum (“bench”), Ancient Greek κόμβος (kómbos, “node”), Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”), possibly Proto-Germanic *skup- (“barn, shop”).
- Less likely from Proto-Indo-European *skabʰ- (“to scratch, to carve”), related to Proto-Slavic *skobľь, *skobľa (“cutting tool, scraper”), Lithuanian skabýti (“to delve”). Further related to Ancient Greek σκᾰ́φος (skáphos, “hull of a ship”), σκάφη (skáphē, “bowl, tube”), Latin scobis (“wood chip”). Compare dialectal Bulgarian ско́ба (skóba, “wide chisel”), Romanian scoabă (“adze”) (a Slavic borrowing).
Inflection
Declension of *skobà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *skobà | *skȍbě | *skȍby |
| Accusative | *skȍbǫ | *skȍbě | *skȍby |
| Genitive | *skobý | *skobù | *skòbъ |
| Locative | *skȍbě | *skobù | *skobàsъ, *skobàxъ* |
| Dative | *skobě̀ | *skobàma | *skobàmъ |
| Instrumental | *skobojǫ́ | *skobàma | *skobàmi |
| Vocative | *skobo | *skȍbě | *skȍby |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Derived terms
- *skobъka, *skobica (diminutive)
- *skoblъ, *skobla (“clasp”)
- Polish: skobel, skóbl
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: skobla
- Upper Sorbian: skobla
- *skobaľь, *skobařь, *skobьrъ (“chub, nase (fish)”) (in South Slavic)
Related terms
- *skobľati (“to carve, to delve with a tool”)
- *ščebьňь (“gravel, rubble”)
- *xobotъ (“proboscis”)
Descendants
- Old East Slavic: скоба (skoba)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: scoabă (“crampon”)
- → Hungarian: eszkába
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “скоба”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (2002), “скоба¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 760
- “kabėti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “skoba”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *skoba̋ (ali *sъ̏koba)”
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