< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/slěpъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Unclear. Traditionally compared with:
- Within Balto-Slavic: Lithuanian slė̃pti (“to shut, to hide”), Latvian slèpt (“to conceal”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱlep- (according to some interpretations, possibly also yielding Proto-Slavic *klepati (“to clap, to blink”), *klopiti (“to trap”)).
- Within PIE: Latin lippus (“purblind, myopic”), Ancient Greek λῐπᾰρός (liparós, “bright, brilliant, splendid”), typically derived from unrelated *leyp- (“to smear”) (whence Proto-Slavic *lěpъ (“beautiful”)).
Snoj also tentively mentions a possible descent from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to invert, to distort”), reflected in Balto-Slavic by Lithuanian šleĩvas (“splay, crooked”), dial. šlei̇̃pti (“to pervert”), etc. If right, them perhaps originally meaning “squint, cross-eyed”.
In view of the 0-grade ablaut *slь(p)nǫti, the more likely origin of radical *-ě- is pre-Slavic diphthong *-ai-, rather than long *-ē- because of PIE ablaut *-oy- (> *-ē- > *-ě-) / *-ey- (> *-i- > *-ь-)
Declension
Accent paradigm c.
Indefinite declension of *slěpъ (hard)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *slěpъ | *slěpa | *slěpo |
Accusative | *slěpъ | *slěpǫ | *slěpo |
Genitive | *slěpa | *slěpy | *slěpa |
Locative | *slěpě | *slěpě | *slěpě |
Dative | *slěpu | *slěpě | *slěpu |
Instrumental | *slěpomь | *slěpojǫ | *slěpomь |
Vocative | *slěpe | *slěpo | *slěpo |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *slěpa | *slěpě | *slěpě |
Accusative | *slěpa | *slěpě | *slěpě |
Genitive | *slěpu | *slěpu | *slěpu |
Locative | *slěpu | *slěpu | *slěpu |
Dative | *slěpoma | *slěpama | *slěpoma |
Instrumental | *slěpoma | *slěpama | *slěpoma |
Vocative | *slěpa | *slěpě | *slěpě |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *slěpi | *slěpy | *slěpa |
Accusative | *slěpy | *slěpy | *slěpa |
Genitive | *slěpъ | *slěpъ | *slěpъ |
Locative | *slěpěxъ | *slěpaxъ | *slěpěxъ |
Dative | *slěpomъ | *slěpamъ | *slěpomъ |
Instrumental | *slěpy | *slěpami | *slěpy |
Vocative | *slěpi | *slěpy | *slěpa |
Definite declension of *slěpъ (hard)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *slěpъjь | *slěpaja | *slěpoje |
Accusative | *slěpъjь | *slěpǫjǫ | *slěpoje |
Genitive | *slěpajego | *slěpyję | *slěpajego |
Locative | *slěpějemь | *slěpěji | *slěpějemь |
Dative | *slěpujemu | *slěpěji | *slěpujemu |
Instrumental | *slěpyjimi | *slěpǫjǫ | *slěpyjimi |
Vocative | *slěpъjь | *slěpaja | *slěpoje |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *slěpaja | *slěpěji | *slěpěji |
Accusative | *slěpaja | *slěpěji | *slěpěji |
Genitive | *slěpuju | *slěpuju | *slěpuju |
Locative | *slěpuju | *slěpuju | *slěpuju |
Dative | *slěpyjima | *slěpyjima | *slěpyjima |
Instrumental | *slěpyjima | *slěpyjima | *slěpyjima |
Vocative | *slěpaja | *slěpěji | *slěpěji |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *slěpiji | *slěpyję | *slěpaja |
Accusative | *slěpyję | *slěpyję | *slěpaja |
Genitive | *slěpъjixъ | *slěpъjixъ | *slěpъjixъ |
Locative | *slěpyjixъ | *slěpyjixъ | *slěpyjixъ |
Dative | *slěpyjimъ | *slěpyjimъ | *slěpyjimъ |
Instrumental | *slěpyjimi | *slěpyjimi | *slěpyjimi |
Vocative | *slěpiji | *slěpyję | *slěpaja |
Derived terms
- *slěpiti (“to blind, to dazzle”),
- *zaslěpiti (“to flash, to dazzle”)
- *oslěpiti, *oslěpěti (“to blind up”)
- *perslěpiti (“to deceive”)
- *slěpьcь m, *slěpica f (“blind person”)
- *slěpokъ (“blind, dull, witless creature”)
- *slěpota, *slěpostь (“blindness”)
- *slěpotati (sę) (“to wander around, to amble blindly”)
Related terms
- *slь(p)nǫti (“to get blinded”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “слепо́й”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Todorov T., editor (2010), “сляп”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 146
- “slėpti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “slěpъ slěpa slěpo”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c blind (SA 199; PR 138)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “slep”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *slě̑pъ”
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