Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/strěla

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *strel-, *strēl-, *strēlā, from *ster- (“line, streak, stripe; jet, spurt; beam”).

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian strėlė̃, strėlà (“arrow; shoot, branch; rafter”), Latvian strēle (“arrow, dart”).

Indo-European cognates include Proto-West Germanic *strālu (“arrow”).

Noun

*strěla f

arrow

Declension

Declension of *strěla (hard a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*strěla	*strělě	*strěly
Accusative	*strělǫ	*strělě	*strěly
Genitive	*strěly	*strělu	*strělъ
Locative	*strělě	*strělu	strělasъ, strělaxъ^*
Dative	*strělě	*strělama	*strělamъ
Instrumental	strělojǫ, strělǫ^**	*strělama	*strělami
Vocative	*strělo	*strělě	*strěly

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*strěľati, *strěliti

Related terms

*struna

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: стрѣла (strěla)
  - Belarusian: страла́ (stralá)
  - Russian: стрела́ (strelá)
  - Ukrainian: стріла́ (strilá)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: стрѣла (strěla)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱃⱑⰾⰰ (strěla)
- Bulgarian: стрела́ (strelá)
- Macedonian: стрела (strela)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: стре́ла, стрије́ла
  
  Latin: stréla, strijéla, strila
- Slovene: strẹ́la (“lightning bolt”) (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: střěla
  - Czech: střela
- Old Polish: strzała
  - Polish: strzała
- Slovak: strela
- Slovincian: střåula
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: třěła
  - Lower Sorbian: stśěła

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “стрела”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “стрела”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 208

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