< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tǫpъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Perhaps from a nasal infix of Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to push, to stamp”) or *(s)tep- (“to beat, to thrush”). Often speculated as a cognate of Lithuanian tamprùs (“tough, resilient”), Old Norse þambr (“thick, swollen”). Possibly further akin to Proto-Slavic *stǫpati (“to step onto”), Proto-Germanic *stampōną (“to stamp”) with s-mobile.
Inflection
Accent paradigm c.
Indefinite declension of *tǫpъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *tǫpъ | *tǫpa | *tǫpo |
| Accusative | *tǫpъ | *tǫpǫ | *tǫpo |
| Genitive | *tǫpa | *tǫpy | *tǫpa |
| Locative | *tǫpě | *tǫpě | *tǫpě |
| Dative | *tǫpu | *tǫpě | *tǫpu |
| Instrumental | *tǫpomь | *tǫpojǫ | *tǫpomь |
| Vocative | *tǫpe | *tǫpo | *tǫpo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *tǫpa | *tǫpě | *tǫpě |
| Accusative | *tǫpa | *tǫpě | *tǫpě |
| Genitive | *tǫpu | *tǫpu | *tǫpu |
| Locative | *tǫpu | *tǫpu | *tǫpu |
| Dative | *tǫpoma | *tǫpama | *tǫpoma |
| Instrumental | *tǫpoma | *tǫpama | *tǫpoma |
| Vocative | *tǫpa | *tǫpě | *tǫpě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *tǫpi | *tǫpy | *tǫpa |
| Accusative | *tǫpy | *tǫpy | *tǫpa |
| Genitive | *tǫpъ | *tǫpъ | *tǫpъ |
| Locative | *tǫpěxъ | *tǫpaxъ | *tǫpěxъ |
| Dative | *tǫpomъ | *tǫpamъ | *tǫpomъ |
| Instrumental | *tǫpy | *tǫpami | *tǫpy |
| Vocative | *tǫpi | *tǫpy | *tǫpa |
Definite declension of *tǫpъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *tǫpъjь | *tǫpaja | *tǫpoje |
| Accusative | *tǫpъjь | *tǫpǫjǫ | *tǫpoje |
| Genitive | *tǫpajego | *tǫpyję | *tǫpajego |
| Locative | *tǫpějemь | *tǫpěji | *tǫpějemь |
| Dative | *tǫpujemu | *tǫpěji | *tǫpujemu |
| Instrumental | *tǫpyjimi | *tǫpǫjǫ | *tǫpyjimi |
| Vocative | *tǫpъjь | *tǫpaja | *tǫpoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *tǫpaja | *tǫpěji | *tǫpěji |
| Accusative | *tǫpaja | *tǫpěji | *tǫpěji |
| Genitive | *tǫpuju | *tǫpuju | *tǫpuju |
| Locative | *tǫpuju | *tǫpuju | *tǫpuju |
| Dative | *tǫpyjima | *tǫpyjima | *tǫpyjima |
| Instrumental | *tǫpyjima | *tǫpyjima | *tǫpyjima |
| Vocative | *tǫpaja | *tǫpěji | *tǫpěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *tǫpiji | *tǫpyję | *tǫpaja |
| Accusative | *tǫpyję | *tǫpyję | *tǫpaja |
| Genitive | *tǫpъjixъ | *tǫpъjixъ | *tǫpъjixъ |
| Locative | *tǫpyjixъ | *tǫpyjixъ | *tǫpyjixъ |
| Dative | *tǫpyjimъ | *tǫpyjimъ | *tǫpyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *tǫpyjimi | *tǫpyjimi | *tǫpyjimi |
| Vocative | *tǫpiji | *tǫpyję | *tǫpaja |
Derived terms
- *tǫpěti (“to be dull”)
- *tǫpostь, *tǫpota (“dullness”)
- *tǫpakъ (“dullhead”)
- *tǫpogolvъ (“blockheaded, dumb”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: tâmp
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “тупо́й”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- “tamprus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “tǫpъ tǫpa tǫpo”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 109; PR 138)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “top²”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tǫ̑pъ”
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