Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tiskati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Derksen, the Proto-Indo-European root is reconstructible as *teyH- or *teh₁y-, but neither of them can be clearly linked to non-Slavic words. The PIE suffix *-sk- is also present. Per Vasmer and Chernykh, possibly related to *těsto (“dough”), which may be connected with Old Irish tóis-renn, táis (“dough”), Old English þǣsma (“leaven”).

Verb

*tìskati

to press, to squeeze

Inflection

Conjugation of *tiskati, *tiska, *tiščetь (?, -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tiskanьje	*tiskati	*tiskatъ	*tiskalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tiskanъ	*tiščemъ
Active	*tiskavъ	*tiščę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tiskaxъ	*tiska	*tiska	*tiščǫ	*tiščeši	*tiščetь
Dual	*tiskaxově	*tiskasta	*tiskaste	*tiščevě	*tiščeta	*tiščete
Plural	*tiskaxomъ	*tiskaste	*tiskašę	*tiščemъ	*tiščete	*tiščǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tiskaaxъ	*tiskaaše	*tiskaaše	—	*tišči	*tišči
Dual	*tiskaaxově	*tiskaašeta	*tiskaašete	*tiščivě	*tiščita	—
Plural	*tiskaaxomъ	*tiskaašete	*tiskaaxǫ	*tiščimъ	*tiščite	—

Conjugation of *tiskati, *tiska, *tiskajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tiskanьje	*tiskati	*tiskatъ	*tiskalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tiskanъ	*tiskajemъ
Active	*tiskavъ	*tiskaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tiskaxъ	*tiska	*tiska	*tiskajǫ	*tiskaješi	*tiskajetь
Dual	*tiskaxově	*tiskasta	*tiskaste	*tiskajevě	*tiskajeta	*tiskajete
Plural	*tiskaxomъ	*tiskaste	*tiskašę	*tiskajemъ	*tiskajete	*tiskajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tiskaaxъ	*tiskaaše	*tiskaaše	—	*tiskaji	*tiskaji
Dual	*tiskaaxově	*tiskaašeta	*tiskaašete	*tiskajivě	*tiskajita	—
Plural	*tiskaaxomъ	*tiskaašete	*tiskaaxǫ	*tiskajimъ	*tiskajite	—

Related terms

*těsnъ (“narrow”)
*tisnǫti

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: ці́скаць (cískacʹ)
- Russian: ти́скать (tískatʹ), 1sg. ти́скаю (tískaju)
- Ukrainian: ти́скати (týskaty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: тискати (tiskati)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱅⰻⱄⰽⰰⱅⰻ (tiskati)
- Bulgarian: сти́скам (stískam)
- Macedonian: тиска (tiska, “to crowd”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: ти̏скати
  
  Latin: tȉskati
- Slovene: tískati (“to press, to print”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. tískam (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Polish: ciskać (“to hurl”), uciskać (“to press, to squeeze”)
- Slovak: tískať, tiskať
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: ćiskać (“to move, to press”)
  - Lower Sorbian: śiskaś (“to move, to press”)

References

Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “ти́скать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 245
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tìskati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 494
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ти́скать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

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