< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vorgъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wargás (“foe, enemy”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *Hwergʰ- (“to commit a crime”).
Inflection
Declension of *vȏrgъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *vȏrgъ | *vȏrga | *vȏrdzi |
| Accusative | *vȏrgъ | *vȏrga | *vȏrgy |
| Genitive | *vȏrga | *vorgù | *võrgъ |
| Locative | *vȏrdzě | *vorgù | *vordzě̃xъ |
| Dative | *vȏrgu | *vorgomà | *vorgòmъ |
| Instrumental | *vȏrgъmь, *vȏrgomь* | *vorgomà | *vorgý |
| Vocative | *vorže | *vȏrga | *vȏrdzi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *vorgovati (“to be in hostile relation”)
- *voržьda (“animosity”)
- *voržьjь (“hostile”)
Related terms
- *voržati (“to ambush; to curse”)
- *voržařь (“evil sorcerer”)
- *voržiti (“to cheat, to deceive”)
- *vьrčěti (“to grumble, to utter”)
- *vorčь (“fortune-teller”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ворог”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ворожить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “враг¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 177
Etymology 2
Presumably o-grade of Proto-Slavic *vergti (“to roll; to throw”), from Proto-Indo-European *werg- (“to turn”) or *wergʷ- (“to cast”). Alternatively reconstructed as Proto-Slavic *vьragъ, akin to Proto-Slavic *vьrěti (“to spring”).
Inflection
Declension of *vorgъ (hard o-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *vorgъ | *vorga | *vordzi |
| Accusative | *vorgъ | *vorga | *vorgy |
| Genitive | *vorga | *vorgu | *vorgъ |
| Locative | *vordzě | *vorgu | *vordzěxъ |
| Dative | *vorgu | *vorgoma | *vorgomъ |
| Instrumental | *vorgъmь, *vorgomь* | *vorgoma | *vorgy |
| Vocative | *vorže | *vorga | *vordzi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *ovorgъ/*ovьragъ
Descendants
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “овраг”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “враг²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 178
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*vȏrgъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 527: “m. o (c) ‘foe’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “vorgъ vorga”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “cb (PR 134); (SA 70, 167; PR 137); d (RPT 105)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “vrȃg”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*vȏrgъ”
- Kapović, Mate (2007), “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch, University of Vienna, page 6: “*vȏrgъ”
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