Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xrěnъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*xrěnъ

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Unclear. Compare Ancient Greek κεράϊν (keráïn, “wild radish”) or Chuvash хӗрен (hĕren) (if not from East Slavic).

For the name compare:

Radish: German Meerrettich (literally “foreign radish”), English horseradish.
Root: French raifort (literally “strong root”), Portuguese raiz-forte (literally “strong root”).

Noun

*xrěnъ m

horseradish

Inflection

Declension of *xrěnъ (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*xrěnъ	*xrěna	*xrěni
Accusative	*xrěnъ	*xrěna	*xrěny
Genitive	*xrěna	*xrěnu	*xrěnъ
Locative	*xrěně	*xrěnu	*xrěněxъ
Dative	*xrěnu	*xrěnoma	*xrěnomъ
Instrumental	xrěnъmь, xrěnomь^*	*xrěnoma	*xrěny
Vocative	*xrěne	*xrěna	*xrěni

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*xrěnovъ (adj.)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: хрѣнъ (xrěnŭ), хрѣнь (xrěnĭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: хрѣнъ (xrěn)
    - Belarusian: хрэн (xren)
    - Ukrainian: хрін (xrin)
  - Russian: хрен (xren), хрень (xrenʹ)
    - → Kyrgyz: хрен (hren)
    - → Erzya: крён (krjon)[1]
    - → Uzbek: xren
- → Chuvash: хӗрен (hĕren) (possibly)
  - → Erzya: ӹрӓн (possibly)
  - → Bashkir: керән (kerän) (possibly)
  - → Tatar: керән (kerän) (possibly)
- → Lithuanian: kriẽnas, kriená
- → Samogitian: krėins
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  - Church Slavonic: хрѣнъ (xrěnŭ) (Serbian)
- Bulgarian: хрян (hrjan), рен (ren)
- Macedonian: рен (ren)
- Serbo-Croatian: хре̏н, ре̏н
- Slovene: hrȅn (tonal orthography)
- → Romanian: hrean
- → Greek: χρένο (chréno), χράνος (chrános)[2]
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: křěn, chřěn
  - Czech: křen
- Kashubian: chrzón, krzón
- Polabian: xŕon
- Old Polish: chrzan
  - Polish: chrzan
- Slovak: chren
- Slovincian: křȯ́u̯n, křo̧n, xřȯn
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: chrěn, krěn
  - Lower Sorbian: kśěn, chrěn
- → Vilamovian: krejn
- → Middle High German: krên, krêne, chrên
  - Bavarian: Kren
  - East Central German: Krên
  - German: Kren
    - → French: cran, cranson
    - → Italian: cren
- → Venetian: cren

Non-Slavic:
- → Yiddish: כריין‎ (khreyn)
  - → Dutch: chrein
  - → English: chrain
- → Esperanto: kreno

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “хрен”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “хрен”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 356
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xrěnъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 91
http://www.ruslang.ru/doc/etymology/1976/09-l%27vov.pdf
http://vja.ruslang.ru/archive/1974-4.pdf#page=109

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[1] ttps://books.google.ru/books?id=ZFwrHsjclGYC&q=крён+хрен

[2] ttp://vja.ruslang.ru/archive/1981-1.pdf#page=55