< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zvizdati
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative forms
Etymology
Derived from Proto-Indo-European *sweysd- (“to hiss”). Compare Latin sibilus (“hissing, whistling”), Hindi सीटी (sīṭī, “whistle”), Ancient Greek σίζω (sízō, “to hiss”).
Conjugation
Conjugation of *zvizdati, *zvizda, *zvizdajetь (impf., intr., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *zvizdanьje | *zvizdati | *zvizdatъ | *zvizdalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | — | — |
| Active | *zvizdavъ | *zvizdaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *zvizdaxъ | *zvizda | *zvizda | *zvizdajǫ | *zvizdaješi | *zvizdajetь |
| Dual | *zvizdaxově | *zvizdasta | *zvizdaste | *zvizdajevě | *zvizdajeta | *zvizdajete |
| Plural | *zvizdaxomъ | *zvizdaste | *zvizdašę | *zvizdajemъ | *zvizdajete | *zvizdajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *zvizdaaxъ | *zvizdaaše | *zvizdaaše | — | *zvizdaji | *zvizdaji |
| Dual | *zvizdaaxově | *zvizdaašeta | *zvizdaašete | *zvizdajivě | *zvizdajita | — |
| Plural | *zvizdaaxomъ | *zvizdaašete | *zvizdaaxǫ | *zvizdajimъ | *zvizdajite | — |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: звиздати (zvizdati)
- South Slavic:
- Church Slavonic: звиздати (zvizdati)
- Bulgarian: зви́здя (zvízdja) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: ѕвизди (dzvizdi) (dialectal)
- ⇒ Macedonian: ѕвиска (dzviska) (+ *-kati)
- Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)
- Cyrillic script: звѝздати
- Latin script: zvìzdati
- Slovene: zvízdati (tonal orthography)
From dialectal variant *zvizg-ěti > *zvižďžati:
References
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (2001), “gvizdati”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 8 (goda – gyža), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, →ISBN, page 315
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “žvížgati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *zvizdě̋ti, [...] *zvizda̋ti”
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gvizdati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 183
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “gwizdać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 190
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “звиздя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 622
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