< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-ti

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms
  • *-tï
  • *-tü
  • *-tu
  • *-di
  • *-dï
  • *-dü
  • *-du

Suffix

*-ti

  1. Past tense seen or clear
    ‎*seb- (“to love”) + ‎*-ti → ‎*sebti (“(I saw/I'm sure) she/he/it loved.”)

Usage notes
  1. Non verbs cannot directly take past tenses. The verb Proto-Turkic *er- (“to be (aux.)”) takes the past tense suffix and with it the meaning of the past tense is provided. For example;
    ‎*eb er- (“house + to be”) + ‎*-ti → ‎*eb erti (“(I saw/I'm sure) it was a house.”)
  2. Contrary to modern usages, as in Old Turkic and Bulgar language, the soft consonant is followed by the strong consonant form; strong consonant and vowel are followed by soft consonant form. For example;
    ‎*uč- (“to fly”) + ‎*-ti → ‎*učdu (“She/he/it flew.”)
    ‎*yüri- (“to walk”) + ‎*-ti → ‎*yüridi (“She/he/it walked.”)
    ‎*bar- (“to go”) + ‎*-ti → ‎*bartï (“She/he/it went.”)

See the Wikibooks page about past tenses in Proto-Turkic to learn more about it.

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Volga Bulgar: -تِ‎ (-ti), -جِ‎ (-çi)
      • Chuvash: -рӗ (-rĕ), -чӗ (-čĕ)
    • Khazar: 𐰻𐰘-‎ (-ru) (classification disputed)
  • Common Turkic:
  • Arghu:
    • Khalaj: [script needed] (-ti), [script needed] (erti)
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (-di)
    • Salar: -di (pronunciation is like -ci)
    • Turkmen: -di
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid:
      • Khorezmian Turkic:
        • Chagatai:
          • Uzbek: -di
          • Uyghur: [script needed] (-ti), [script needed] (-di)
  • Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: -di
      • Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (-di)
      • Kumyk: [script needed] (-di)
      • Karaim:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir:
      • Tatar:
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Kazakh: -ді (-dı), -ті (-tı)
        • Karakalpak: -di, -ti
        • Nogai:
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: -ди (-di)
        • Southern Altai: -ди (-di), ти (ti)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic:
      • Yenisei Kyrgyz: 𐱄-‎ (/-ti/), 𐰓-‎ (d²- /-di/)
      • Old Turkic: 𐱅-‎ (t²- /-ti/), 𐰓-‎ (d²- /-di/)
      • Old Uyghur:
    • North Siberian:
      • Yakut:
      • Dolgan:
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan Turkic:
        • Tofa:
        • Tuvan:
      • Yenisei Turkic:
        • Khakas:
        • Shor:
        • Western Yugur:
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