Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kēp

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *kexe (“ornament, form, example”). Compared also Proto-Tungusic *kepe (“jaw; gills; boards (on boat's front)”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*kēp

form, example, image

Declension

Declension of *kēp

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*kēp
Accusative	kēpni, kēpnig ¹⁾
Genitive	*kēpniŋ
Dative	*kēpke
Locative	*kēpde
Ablative	*kēpden
Instrumental ²⁾	*kēpin
Equative ²⁾	*kēpče

¹⁾ Found in early Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Derived terms

Common Turkic: *kēpi (“like”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Volga Bulgar: *kep
  - Chuvash: кап (kap)
- Danube Bulgar: *kep
  - → Old Church Slavonic: капь (kapĭ)
    - Serbo-Croatian: кип
    - Macedonian: кип (kip)
    - Russian: кип (kip)
    - Slovene: kip
- → Hungarian: kép
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Turkmen: gēp (dialect) (?)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (kep/kip)
  - → Turkish: kip
Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
  - Kumyk: [script needed] (kep)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak: kep
    - Nogai: [script needed] (kep)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: [script needed] (kep)
    - Southern Altai: [script needed] (kep)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kep)
  - Western Yugur: kep
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: киэп (kiep)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: [script needed] (xep)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: [script needed] (kep)
    - Shor: [script needed] (kep)

References

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*gēp”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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