< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kagun

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Perhaps borrowed from Tibetan ག་གོན (ga gon, “melon, gourd”)[2], reduplicated borrowing from Old Mandarin 瓜 (kwa)[3] (compare borrowings Tibetan གོན (gon, “pumpkin”), Nusu [Term?] (/ɣɔ/, “pumpkin”), Dzongkha གོན (gon, “cucumber”), Classical Mongolian ᠭᠤᠧ᠎ᠠ (ɣuē'a)), though this has been disputed[1].

Noun

*kagun[4]

  1. melon, muskmelon, watermelon

Declension
Declension of *kagun
Singular 3)
Nominative *kagun
Accusative *kagunnu, *kagunnug 1)
Genitive *kagunnuŋ
Dative *kagunka
Locative *kagunta
Ablative *kaguntan
Instrumental 2) *kagunun
Equative 2) *kagunča
1) Found in early Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants
  • Karakhanid:[5][6]
    Arabic script: كاغُونْ‎ (kāğūn) [1072 CE, Kashgari I], [Unspecified needed] (kāwūn) [13th c., ibn Muhannā]
    Old Uyghur: [Unspecified needed] (úağun /kağun/) [1070 CE, Kutadgu Bilig]
    • Chagatai: كاغين‎ (qavun)
      • Uzbek: qovun
        • → Tajik: қавун (qavun)
      • Uyghur: قوغۇن‎ (qoghun, “Hami melon”)
  • Kipchak:
    • East Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: коон (koon)
        • → Burushaski:
          Hunza: ġoón
          Yasin: ġaún
    • North Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak: qavun [14th c., Abū Ḥayyān][1]
      • Crimean Tatar: (“muskmelon”)
        Cyrillic script: къавн
        Latin script: qavn
      • Karaim: kawun (Lodz-Galician)
      • Karachay-Balkar: xawun
      • Kumyk: qavun
      • → Chuvash: кавӑн (kavăn, “pumpkin, squash”)
      • → Turkish: kavun (“muskmelon”)
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (kāwun) [13th c.], [Unspecified needed] (kawun) [14th c.], [Unspecified needed] (kowun) [15th c.][5]
      • Azerbaijani:
        Afashari: qawun, qaụn, qaụ̄n
        Azerbaijani: qovun
        Firuzabadi: ğowu·n
        Qalaye Farhad-Xani: ğa̬wn
        Qorwai: ğaun
        Sonqori: ğown
      • Gagauz: kaun (“muskmelon”)
      • Ottoman Turkish: قاون‎ (kavun)
        • Turkish: kavun
        • → Arabic: قَاوُون‎ (qāwūn, “bitter melon, cantaloupe”)
          • Kurdish:
            → Northern Kurdish: qawin, qawûn
        • → Georgian: ყავუნი (q̇avuni) – Chveneburi
        • → Laz: კავონი (ǩavoni)
        • → Ukrainian: каву́н (kavún, “watermelon”) (or possibly from Tatar)
    • Turkmen: gawun
      • → Shina: [script needed] (gawún)
  • Siberian Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: (/*qağun/, “watermelon”)[5]
      Han script: [Term?] [14th c., Chin.-Uyğ. Dict.]
      Unspecified script: [8th c., Bud.]
      • Western Yugur:[4]
        Dahei: qʰuwïn
        Western Yugur: qɔïn, quïn, qɔn, qun, qawïn, qawun
        • → East Yugur: ġūn
      • → Late Middle Mongol: (/*qawun/, “melon, muskmelon”)
        Han script: 合溫 (qɔ̌-un) [1389 CE, Hua Yi yiyu]

References
  1. Tenišev E. R., editor (2001) Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 139
  2. Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 157
  3. Uray, G. (1954), “Duplication, gemination, and triplication in Tibetan”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 4, issue 1/3, →JSTOR
  4. Nugteren, Hans; Ross, Marti (1996), “Common Vocabulary of the Western and Eastern Yugur Languages: The Turkic and Mongolic Loanwords”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 49, issue 1/2, Akadémiai Kiadó, →JSTOR
  5. Clauson, Gerard (1972), “ka:ğu:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page ka:ğu:n
  6. Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), “qaγun”, in Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka
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