< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kem

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology 1

Derived from the interrogative particle *ka-.

Compare Proto-Mongolic *ken (“who”), whence also Mongolian хэн (xen, “who”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronoun

*kem[1][2][3][4]

  1. who

Inflection
Declension of Proto-Turkic/kem
nominative *kem
accusative *kemni
genitive *kemniŋ
dative *kemke
instrumental *kem bile
locative *kemte
ablative *kemten

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Volga Bulgar: كم‎[5]
  • Common Turkic:
  • Arghu:
  • Proto-Oghuz: *kim
    • West Oghuz:
      • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (kim)
    • East Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
  • Kipchak:
  • Siberian
    • Old Turkic:
      • Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰢‎‎ (kem)
      • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kem)
        • Western Yugur: kïm
    • North Siberian
    • South Siberian:

Etymology 2

Similar to Proto-Mongolic *gem (“defect, illness”). [6][7][8][9]

Noun

*kem

  1. illness

Declension
Declension of *kem
Singular 3)
Nominative *kem
Accusative *kemni, *kemnig 1)
Genitive *kemniŋ
Dative *kemke
Locative *kemte
Ablative *kemten
Instrumental 2) *kemin
Equative 2) *kemče
1) Found in early Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants
  • Oghuz:
    • West Oghuz:
      • Azerbaijani: kəm
      • Ottoman Turkish:
    • East Oghuz:
  • Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  • Karluk:
    • ⇒ Karakhanid: [script needed] (ig-kem)
  • Siberian:
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:

References
  1. Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*kem, *ka-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  2. Clauson, Gerard (1972) An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 720-721
  3. Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 271
  4. Levitskaja, L. S.; Dybo, A. V.; Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages]‎ (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 67-68, 191-192
  5. Erdal, Marcel (1993) Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 69-70
  6. Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*kem”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  7. Clauson, Gerard (1972) An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 720
  8. Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 250
  9. Levitskaja, L. S.; Dybo, A. V.; Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages]‎ (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 34-35
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