Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tām

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *tama (“wall”). Compared to Proto-Tungusic *tam- (“shed, cover (for a hut)”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*tām

Declension

Declension of *tām

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*tām
Accusative	tāmnï, tāmnïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*tāmnïŋ
Dative	*tāmka
Locative	*tāmta
Ablative	*tāmtan
Instrumental ²⁾	*tāmïn
Equative ²⁾	*tāmča

¹⁾ Found in early Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: طام‎ (tam)
  - Azerbaijani: dam (“roof; hut”)
    - → Khalaj: dâam (“roof”)
  - Ottoman Turkish: طام‎ (dam)
    - Turkish: dam (“roof; hut”)
    - Gagauz: dam (“shed, barn”)
- Turkmen: tām (“wall”)
- Salar: tam (“wall”)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (tam, “wall; roof”)
  - Chagatai:
    - Uyghur: تام‎ (tam, “wall”)
    - Uzbek: tom (“roof; hut”)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Tatar: там (tam, “wall”)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: dam (“roof”)
  - Kumyk: там (tam, “wall”)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: там (tam, “grave”)
    - Nogai: там (tam, “wall”)
    - Karakalpak: tam (“hut”)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: там (tam, “wall; hut”)
    - Southern Altai: тап (tap, “sliver”)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: [script needed] (tam, “wall”)
- South Siberian:
  - Yenisei:
    - Western Yugur: [script needed] (tam, “wall”)
    - Khakas: [script needed] (layer (of earth))

References

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*tām”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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