< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/xātun

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions
  • *qātun[1] (later)

Etymology

Borrowed from Northeastern Iranian, via Sogdic[2][3] or perhaps Sakan[4], ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hwatā́wā.

A minority view by Doerfer holds that the word is of Para-Mongolic origin, evidenced by Xianbei [Term?], and analyzed by him as cognate with *kagan (“khan”) and hypothetical feminine suffix *-tun found in Xianbei [Term?] (/(a)matun/, “mother”).[5]

Noun

*xātun[5][3][2][6]

  1. queen, lady

Declension
Declension of *xātun
Singular 3)
Nominative *xātun
Accusative *xātunnu, *xātunnug 1)
Genitive *xātunnuŋ
Dative *xātunka
Locative *xātunta
Ablative *xātuntan
Instrumental 2) *xātunun
Equative 2) *xātunča
1) Found in early Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

It is generally difficult to ascertain which forms are inherited and which are reborrowed from neighboring languages.

  • Karakhanid: قاتُونْ‎ (qātūn)
  • Karluk:
    • Chagatai: خاتون‎ (ḥatun)
      • Ili Turki:
      • Taranchi: xotun
      • Uzbek: xotin
      • Uyghur: خوتۇن‎ (xotun)
      • Lopnor: [script needed] (xatun, “woman, wife”)
  • Kipchak
    • Kipchak: [script needed] (qātūn)
    • Central Kipchak:
    • East Kipchak:
      • Southern Altai: кадыт (kadït)
      • Kyrgyz: катын (katın, “woman, wife; elderly woman”)
      • Teleut: кадын (kadïn), каат (kaat)
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: ҡатын (qatın)
      • Tatar: хатын (xatın)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: katın, hatın
      • Karachay-Balkar: къатын (qatın)
      • Karaim: катын
      • Kumyk: къатын (qatın), къатын-киши (qatın-kişi)
      • Urum: катын
  • Oghuz:
    • Azerbaijani: qadın
    • Ottoman Turkish: قادین‎ (qadin)
    • Gagauz: kadın, kadı́na (obsolete)
    • Salar: gadın, gadınkiş , xatunkiši (“woman”), xotun (“woman, wife”) (perhaps from Uyghur)
    • Turkmen: hātyn (obsolete)
  • Siberian:
    • Southern Siberian
      • Old Uyghur: [Term?] (/xatūn/)
      • Northern Altai:
        • Northern Altai:
          кат (kat), каат (kaat) (kumandy)
          кадыт (kadït) (chelkan)
      • Sayan:
        • Tuvan: када (kada), кадай (kaday, “old woman”) (highly dubious)
          кадын (kadın, “queen”) (likely from Mongolic)
          каътташ (kàttaş, “woman”) (obsolete)
        • (?) Soyot:қадай (“woman”)
      • Yenisei:
        • Shor: қаат
        • Khakas: хадын (xadın), (?) хадай (xaday)
        • Western Yugur: ɢadən (“queen, wife of an important official person”)
    • North Siberian:
      • Dolgan: [script needed] (katun), [script needed] (kotun)
      • Yakut: хатын (qatın), хотун (qotun, “lady, mistress, wife”) (perhaps from Mongolic)
  • Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (xatun)
  • Old Turkic: 𐰴𐱃𐰆𐰣‎ (qt¹un¹ /qatun/)
  • → Old Armenian: խաթուն (xatʿun)
  • → Manchu: [script needed] (katun, “princess, empress, queen”)
  • → Proto-Mongolic: *katun (if not inherited from Pre-Mongolic)
    Kalmyk: [script needed] (χatn̥, “wife, noblewoman, queen”)
    Khalkha: хатан (xatan)
    Ordos: [script needed] (ġatun, “lady, prince's wife”)
  • → Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫑𐫀𐫎𐫇𐫗‎ (xʾṯwn /xātūn, qātūn/, “Lady, an Uighur female title”)
    • Persian: خاتون‎ (xâtun) (possibly, if not from Sogdian directly) (see there for further descendants)
  • → Tibetan: [script needed] (k'at'un, “princess”)

References
  1. Tenišev E. R., editor (2001) Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 297
  2. Clauson, Gerard (1972), “xa:tun”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 602
  3. Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 157
  4. Dybo, Anna (2014), “Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction”, in Tatarica‎, volume 2, page 9
  5. Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎ (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 1159, page 132
  6. Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “kadın”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
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