< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/arjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *arjaną.

Verb

*arjan [1]

  1. to plough/plow

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *arjan
Infinitive *arjan
Genitive infin. *arjannjas
Dative infin. *arjannjē
Instrum. infin. *arjannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *arju *aridā
2nd singular *arisi *aridēs, *aridōs
3rd singular *ariþi *aridē, *aridā
1st plural *arjum *aridum
2nd plural *ariþ *aridud
3rd plural *arjanþ *aridun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *arjē *aridī
2nd singular *arjēs *aridī
3rd singular *arjē *aridī
1st plural *arjēm *aridīm
2nd plural *arjēþ *aridīd
3rd plural *arjēn *aridīn
Imperative Present
Singular *ari
Plural *ariþ
Present Past
Participle *arjandī *arid

*ariþi, *ēr, *ērun, *aran

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

  • Old English: erian
    • Middle English: eren
      • English: ear (British dialect)
  • Old Frisian: era, ara
  • Old Saxon: erian
  • Old Dutch: *erien, *erren
  • Old High German: erien, erren
    • Middle High German: ern

References

  1. Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 52: “PWGmc *arjan”
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