< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/balu

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *balwaz.

Adjective

*balu

  1. bad, evil, wicked
Inflection
wa-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *balu *balu *balu
Accusative *balwanā *balwā *balu
Genitive *balwas *balweʀā *balwas
Dative *balumē *balweʀē *balumē
Instrumental *balu *balweʀu *balu
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *balwē *balwō *balwu
Accusative *balwā *balwā *balwu
Genitive *balweʀō *balweʀō *balweʀō
Dative *balwēm *balwēm *balwēm
Instrumental *balwēm *balwēm *balwēm
Descendants
  • Old English: bealu, bealuful, bealodǣd (< *balwadēdiz)
  • Old Frisian: *balu
  • Old Saxon: *balu-, baluhugdig (< *balwa-hugd-īgaz), balodād (< *balwadēdiz)
    • Middle Low German: bal-, bale-
      • Low German: bale-
  • Old Dutch: *balodāt (< *balwadēdiz)
  • Old High German: balotāt (< *balwadēdiz)
    • Middle High German: *bale, *bal (in derivatives: balheit, balrāt, etc.)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *balwą.

Noun

*balu n [1]

  1. evil, evilness, wickedness
  2. harm, misfortune
Inflection
Neuter wa-stem
Singular Plural
Nominative *balu *balu
Accusative *balu *balu
Genitive *balwas *balwō
Dative *balwē *balum
Instrumental *balu *balum
Descendants
  • Old English: bealo
  • Old Saxon: balo
    • Middle Low German: *bal (in balwen (verb))
  • Old High German: balo
    • Middle High German: bale

References

  1. Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 46: “PWGmc *balu”
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