< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/grōtijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *grōtijaną.

Verb

*grōtijan[1]

  1. to address, greet
  2. to blame, accuse
  3. to yell at, make cry, scold

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *grōtijan
1st sg. past *grōtidā
Infinitive *grōtijan
Genitive infin. *grōtijannjas
Dative infin. *grōtijannjē
Instrum. infin. *grōtijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *grōtiju *grōtidā
2nd singular *grōtisi *grōtidēs, *grōtidōs
3rd singular *grōtiþi *grōtidē, *grōtidā
1st plural *grōtijum *grōtidum
2nd plural *grōtiþ *grōtidud
3rd plural *grōtijanþ *grōtidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *grōtijē *grōtidī
2nd singular *grōtijēs *grōtidī
3rd singular *grōtijē *grōtidī
1st plural *grōtijēm *grōtidīm
2nd plural *grōtijēþ *grōtidīd
3rd plural *grōtijēn *grōtidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *grōti
Plural *grōtiþ
Present Past
Participle *grōtijandī *grōtid

Descendants

  • Old English: grētan
    • Middle English: greten
  • Old Frisian: grēta
    • Saterland Frisian: gröitje
    • West Frisian: groetsje
  • Old Saxon: grōtian
  • Old Dutch: *gruoten
    • Middle Dutch: groeten, gruten
      • Dutch: groeten
        • Afrikaans: groet
        • Negerhollands: groet, gruet, groetnes
        • Caribbean Javanese: khrut
  • Old High German: gruozen, gruozzen
  • ? Vulgar Latin: *grōtiāre

References

  1. Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 128: “*grōtijan”
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