Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/happjā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From a Proto-Germanic *hā̆bjǭ or *hē̆bjǭ (also a form with /bb/), evidently referring to some sort of tool. Possible cognates outside of Germanic include Ancient Greek κοπίς (kopís, “cleaver”); Lithuanian kàpti (“chop”), kapóti (“hew”), kapõnė (“pickaxe”), and kaplȳs (“hoe”); Proto-Slavic *kopati (“dig, till”) and *kopьje (“spear”). All possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kep- (“cut, cleave”).

Noun

*happjā f

axe

Inflection

ōn-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*happjā
Genitive	*happjōn
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*happjā	*happjōn
Accusative	*happjōn	*happjōn
Genitive	*happjōn	*happjōnō
Dative	*happjōn	happjōm, happjum
Instrumental	*happjōn	happjōm, happjum

Descendants

Old Saxon: *heppia, *hepa
- Middle Low German: heppe, hēpe, heipe
Old Dutch: *hepa
- Middle Dutch: hēpe
  - Dutch: heep
Old High German: habba, happa, hebba, heppa
- Middle High German: happe, hepe, heppe
  - German: Hippe (“billhook”), Heppe (dialectal)
→ Vulgar Latin: *happia (see there for further descendants)

References

“Hippe” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “hâppia”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 16: Germanismes: G–R, page 144

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