< Reconstruction:Latin
Reconstruction:Latin/exfridare
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This Latin entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Latin
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sfreˈdaːr/, [es-]
Conjugation
| indicative | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| present | */esˈfreːdo/ | */esˈfreːdas/ | */esˈfreːdat/ | */esfreˈdaːms/ | */esfreˈdaːt͡s/ | */esˈfreːdant/ |
| imperfect | */esfreˈdaːva/ | */esfreˈdaːvas/ | */esfreˈdaːvat/ | */esfredaˈvaːms/ | */esfredaˈvaːt͡s/ | */esfreˈdaːvant/ |
| preterite | */esfreˈdai̯/ | */esfreˈdast/ | */esfreˈdat/ | */esfreˈdams/ | */esfreˈdastes/ | */esfreˈdaːront/ |
| pluperfect | */esfreˈdaːra/ | */esfreˈdaːras/ | */esfreˈdaːrat/ | */esfredaˈraːms/ | */esfredaˈraːt͡s/ | */esfreˈdaːrant/ |
| future | */esfredaˈrai̯/ | */esfredaˈras/ | */esfredaˈrat/ | */esfredaˈreːms/ | */esfredaˈreːt͡s/ | */esfredaˈrant/ |
| conditional | */esfredaˈreːa/ | */esfredaˈreːas/ | */esfredaˈreːat/ | */esfredareˈaːms/ | */esfredareˈaːt͡s/ | */esfredaˈreːant/ |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| present | */ˈesˈfreːde/ | */ˈesˈfreːdes/ | */ˈesˈfreːdet/ | */esfreˈdeːms/ | */esfreˈdeːt͡s/ | */ˈesˈfreːdent/ |
| imperfect | */esfreˈdase/ | */esfreˈdases/ | */esfreˈdaset/ | */esfredeˈseːms/ | */esfredeˈseːt͡s/ | */esfreˈdasent/ |
| imperative | singular | plural | ||||
| - | second | - | - | second | - | |
| — | */ˈesˈfreːda/ | — | — | */esfreˈdaːt͡s/ | — | |
| past participle | */esfreˈdaːt/ | |||||
| gerund | */esfreˈdant/ | |||||
| infinitive | */esfreˈdaːr/ | |||||
Reconstruction notes
Attested in Old French from ca. 1000 CE as esfreder (Passion du Christ).[1]
Descendants
- Franco-Provençal: èfreyér, éfrayë, èfarâ, èfrèyi
- Old French: esfreder, esfreer, effreer, affrayer (see there for further descendants)
- Occitan: esfredar
References
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “*exfrĭdare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 15/2: Germanismes: Bu–F, page 92
- “effrayer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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