capitaneus
Latin
Etymology
- From caput (“head”) + -āneus.
- Later absorbed and merged with similar catepanus, capetanus, and other Vulgar Latin renderings of katepano, the senior rank and title of Byzantine military captains of the Catepanate of Italy, from Byzantine Greek κατεπάνω (katepánō, literally “[the one] placed at the top, or the topmost”)
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ka.piˈtaː.ne.us/, [käpɪˈt̪äːneʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ka.piˈta.ne.us/, [käpiˈt̪äːneus]
Adjective
capitāneus (feminine capitānea, neuter capitāneum); first/second-declension adjective
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | capitāneus | capitānea | capitāneum | capitāneī | capitāneae | capitānea | |
| Genitive | capitāneī | capitāneae | capitāneī | capitāneōrum | capitāneārum | capitāneōrum | |
| Dative | capitāneō | capitāneō | capitāneīs | ||||
| Accusative | capitāneum | capitāneam | capitāneum | capitāneōs | capitāneās | capitānea | |
| Ablative | capitāneō | capitāneā | capitāneō | capitāneīs | |||
| Vocative | capitānee | capitānea | capitāneum | capitāneī | capitāneae | capitānea | |
Descendants
- Ligurian: capitan
- Italo-Dalmatian
- Old French: chevetaine
- Venetian: capetanio, capitan
- → Greek: καπετάνιος (kapetánios)
- → Ottoman Turkish: كاپتان
- Turkish: kaptan
Via capitānea f:
- Italian: capitagna
Via capitāneum n:
- Aromanian: cãpitãnj, cãpitãnjiu, cãpitinj, cãpitinjiu, cãpitunj, cãpitunjiu
- Romanian: căpătâi
- Borrowings
- → Old French: capitaine
- Middle French: capitaine
- French: capitaine
- → Walloon: captinne
- French: capitaine
- Norman: cap'taine, cap'tainne
- → Irish: captaen
- → Middle Dutch: capitein
- Dutch: kapitein (see there for further descendants)
- → Middle English: capitain
- English: captain (see there for further descendants)
- Scots: caiptain
- → Middle High German: kapitān
- → Middle Low German: kaptein
- Middle French: capitaine
- → Catalan: capità
- → Occitan: capitani
- → Polish: kapitan
- → Russian: капитан (kapitan) (see there for further descendants)
- → Spanish: capitán
- → English: capitan
Unsorted borrowings
- → Arabic: قبطان (qubṭān)
- → Belarusian: капітан (kapitan)
- → Bulgarian: капитан (kapitan)
- → Crimean Tatar: kapitan
- → Georgian: კაპიტანი (ḳaṗiṭani)
- → Hebrew: קפטן (kepten)
- → Hijazi Arabic: قبطان (gubṭān)
- → Hungarian: kapitány
- → Icelandic: kapteinn
- → Latvian: kapteinis
- → Macedonian: капетан (kapetan)
- → Malayalam: കപ്പിത്താന് (kappittānŭ)
- → Maltese: kaptan
- → Persian: کاپیتان (kâpitân)
- → Scottish Gaelic: caiptean
- → Serbo-Croatian: капетан / kapetan
- → Slovak: kapitán
- → Slovene: kapetan
- → Welsh: capten
- → Yiddish: קאַפּיטאַן (kapitan)
Declension
Second-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | capitāneus | capitāneī |
| Genitive | capitāneī | capitāneōrum |
| Dative | capitāneō | capitāneīs |
| Accusative | capitāneum | capitāneōs |
| Ablative | capitāneō | capitāneīs |
| Vocative | capitānee | capitāneī |
References
- “capitaneus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- capitaneus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- capitaneus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Salmon Claudine. Malay (and Javanese) Loan-words in Chinese as a Mirror of Cultural Exchanges. In: Archipel, volume 78, 2009. pp. 181-208
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